/*
 * Builtin "git log" and related commands (show, whatchanged)
 *
 * (C) Copyright 2006 Linus Torvalds
 *               2006 Junio Hamano
 */
#include "cache.h"
#include "color.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "log-tree.h"
#include "builtin.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "reflog-walk.h"
#include "patch-ids.h"
#include "run-command.h"
#include "shortlog.h"
#include "remote.h"
#include "string-list.h"
#include "parse-options.h"

/* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;

static int default_show_root = 1;
static int decoration_style;
static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
static const char *fmt_pretty;

static const char * const builtin_log_usage =
        "git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
        "   or: git show [options] <object>...";

static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
{
        switch (git_config_maybe_bool(var, value)) {
        case 1:
                return DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
        case 0:
                return 0;
        default:
                break;
        }
        if (!strcmp(value, "full"))
                return DECORATE_FULL_REFS;
        else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
                return DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
        return -1;
}

static void cmd_log_init(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
                         struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
{
        int i;
        int decoration_given = 0;
        struct userformat_want w;

        rev->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
        rev->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
        if (fmt_pretty)
                get_commit_format(fmt_pretty, rev);
        rev->verbose_header = 1;
        DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
        rev->show_root_diff = default_show_root;
        rev->subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
        DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);

        if (default_date_mode)
                rev->date_mode = parse_date_format(default_date_mode);

        /*
         * Check for -h before setup_revisions(), or "git log -h" will
         * fail when run without a git directory.
         */
        if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
                usage(builtin_log_usage);
        argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);

        memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
        userformat_find_requirements(NULL, &w);

        if (!rev->show_notes_given && (!rev->pretty_given || w.notes))
                rev->show_notes = 1;
        if (rev->show_notes)
                init_display_notes(&rev->notes_opt);

        if (rev->diffopt.pickaxe || rev->diffopt.filter)
                rev->always_show_header = 0;
        if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES)) {
                rev->always_show_header = 0;
                if (rev->diffopt.nr_paths != 1)
                        usage("git logs can only follow renames on one pathname at a time");
        }
        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
                const char *arg = argv[i];
                if (!strcmp(arg, "--decorate")) {
                        decoration_style = DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
                        decoration_given = 1;
                } else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--decorate=")) {
                        const char *v = skip_prefix(arg, "--decorate=");
                        decoration_style = parse_decoration_style(arg, v);
                        if (decoration_style < 0)
                                die("invalid --decorate option: %s", arg);
                        decoration_given = 1;
                } else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-decorate")) {
                        decoration_style = 0;
                } else if (!strcmp(arg, "--source")) {
                        rev->show_source = 1;
                } else if (!strcmp(arg, "-h")) {
                        usage(builtin_log_usage);
                } else
                        die("unrecognized argument: %s", arg);
        }

        /*
         * defeat log.decorate configuration interacting with --pretty=raw
         * from the command line.
         */
        if (!decoration_given && rev->pretty_given
            && rev->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_RAW)
                decoration_style = 0;

        if (decoration_style) {
                rev->show_decorations = 1;
                load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
        }
}

/*
 * This gives a rough estimate for how many commits we
 * will print out in the list.
 */
static int estimate_commit_count(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit_list *list)
{
        int n = 0;

        while (list) {
                struct commit *commit = list->item;
                unsigned int flags = commit->object.flags;
                list = list->next;
                if (!(flags & (TREESAME | UNINTERESTING)))
                        n++;
        }
        return n;
}

static void show_early_header(struct rev_info *rev, const char *stage, int nr)
{
        if (rev->shown_one) {
                rev->shown_one = 0;
                if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
                        putchar(rev->diffopt.line_termination);
        }
        printf("Final output: %d %s\n", nr, stage);
}

static struct itimerval early_output_timer;

static void log_show_early(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit_list *list)
{
        int i = revs->early_output;
        int show_header = 1;

        sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->lifo);
        while (list && i) {
                struct commit *commit = list->item;
                switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
                case commit_show:
                        if (show_header) {
                                int n = estimate_commit_count(revs, list);
                                show_early_header(revs, "incomplete", n);
                                show_header = 0;
                        }
                        log_tree_commit(revs, commit);
                        i--;
                        break;
                case commit_ignore:
                        break;
                case commit_error:
                        return;
                }
                list = list->next;
        }

        /* Did we already get enough commits for the early output? */
        if (!i)
                return;

        /*
         * ..if no, then repeat it twice a second until we
         * do.
         *
         * NOTE! We don't use "it_interval", because if the
         * reader isn't listening, we want our output to be
         * throttled by the writing, and not have the timer
         * trigger every second even if we're blocked on a
         * reader!
         */
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_usec = 500000;
        setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &early_output_timer, NULL);
}

static void early_output(int signal)
{
        show_early_output = log_show_early;
}

static void setup_early_output(struct rev_info *rev)
{
        struct sigaction sa;

        /*
         * Set up the signal handler, minimally intrusively:
         * we only set a single volatile integer word (not
         * using sigatomic_t - trying to avoid unnecessary
         * system dependencies and headers), and using
         * SA_RESTART.
         */
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sa.sa_handler = early_output;
        sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
        sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
        sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);

        /*
         * If we can get the whole output in less than a
         * tenth of a second, don't even bother doing the
         * early-output thing..
         *
         * This is a one-time-only trigger.
         */
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_usec = 100000;
        setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &early_output_timer, NULL);
}

static void finish_early_output(struct rev_info *rev)
{
        int n = estimate_commit_count(rev, rev->commits);
        signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
        show_early_header(rev, "done", n);
}

static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
{
        struct commit *commit;

        if (rev->early_output)
                setup_early_output(rev);

        if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
                die("revision walk setup failed");

        if (rev->early_output)
                finish_early_output(rev);

        /*
         * For --check and --exit-code, the exit code is based on CHECK_FAILED
         * and HAS_CHANGES being accumulated in rev->diffopt, so be careful to
         * retain that state information if replacing rev->diffopt in this loop
         */
        while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL) {
                log_tree_commit(rev, commit);
                if (!rev->reflog_info) {
                        /* we allow cycles in reflog ancestry */
                        free(commit->buffer);
                        commit->buffer = NULL;
                }
                free_commit_list(commit->parents);
                commit->parents = NULL;
        }
        if (rev->diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF &&
            DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, CHECK_FAILED)) {
                return 02;
        }
        return diff_result_code(&rev->diffopt, 0);
}

static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
{
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.pretty"))
                return git_config_string(&fmt_pretty, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.subjectprefix"))
                return git_config_string(&fmt_patch_subject_prefix, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.date"))
                return git_config_string(&default_date_mode, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.decorate")) {
                decoration_style = parse_decoration_style(var, value);
                if (decoration_style < 0)
                        decoration_style = 0; /* maybe warn? */
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.showroot")) {
                default_show_root = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.decorate."))
                return parse_decorate_color_config(var, 15, value);

        return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
}

int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;

        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
                diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;

        init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.simplify_history = 0;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
        if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
                rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
        return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
}

static void show_tagger(char *buf, int len, struct rev_info *rev)
{
        struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;

        pp_user_info("Tagger", rev->commit_format, &out, buf, rev->date_mode,
                git_log_output_encoding ?
                git_log_output_encoding: git_commit_encoding);
        printf("%s", out.buf);
        strbuf_release(&out);
}

static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
        struct rev_info *rev)
{
        unsigned long size;
        enum object_type type;
        char *buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
        int offset = 0;

        if (!buf)
                return error("Could not read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));

        if (show_tag_object)
                while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
                        int new_offset = offset + 1;
                        while (new_offset < size && buf[new_offset++] != '\n')
                                ; /* do nothing */
                        if (!prefixcmp(buf + offset, "tagger "))
                                show_tagger(buf + offset + 7,
                                            new_offset - offset - 7, rev);
                        offset = new_offset;
                }

        if (offset < size)
                fwrite(buf + offset, size - offset, 1, stdout);
        free(buf);
        return 0;
}

static int show_tree_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
                const char *base, int baselen,
                const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
{
        printf("%s%s\n", pathname, S_ISDIR(mode) ? "/" : "");
        return 0;
}

static void show_rev_tweak_rev(struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
{
        if (rev->ignore_merges) {
                /* There was no "-m" on the command line */
                rev->ignore_merges = 0;
                if (!rev->first_parent_only && !rev->combine_merges) {
                        /* No "--first-parent", "-c", nor "--cc" */
                        rev->combine_merges = 1;
                        rev->dense_combined_merges = 1;
                }
        }
        if (!rev->diffopt.output_format)
                rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
}

int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct object_array_entry *objects;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;
        int i, count, ret = 0;

        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
                diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;

        init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.always_show_header = 1;
        rev.no_walk = 1;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        opt.tweak = show_rev_tweak_rev;
        cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);

        count = rev.pending.nr;
        objects = rev.pending.objects;
        for (i = 0; i < count && !ret; i++) {
                struct object *o = objects[i].item;
                const char *name = objects[i].name;
                switch (o->type) {
                case OBJ_BLOB:
                        ret = show_object(o->sha1, 0, NULL);
                        break;
                case OBJ_TAG: {
                        struct tag *t = (struct tag *)o;

                        if (rev.shown_one)
                                putchar('\n');
                        printf("%stag %s%s\n",
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
                                        t->tag,
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
                        ret = show_object(o->sha1, 1, &rev);
                        rev.shown_one = 1;
                        if (ret)
                                break;
                        o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
                        if (!o)
                                ret = error("Could not read object %s",
                                            sha1_to_hex(t->tagged->sha1));
                        objects[i].item = o;
                        i--;
                        break;
                }
                case OBJ_TREE:
                        if (rev.shown_one)
                                putchar('\n');
                        printf("%stree %s%s\n\n",
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
                                        name,
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
                        read_tree_recursive((struct tree *)o, "", 0, 0, NULL,
                                        show_tree_object, NULL);
                        rev.shown_one = 1;
                        break;
                case OBJ_COMMIT:
                        rev.pending.nr = rev.pending.alloc = 0;
                        rev.pending.objects = NULL;
                        add_object_array(o, name, &rev.pending);
                        ret = cmd_log_walk(&rev);
                        break;
                default:
                        ret = error("Unknown type: %d", o->type);
                }
        }
        free(objects);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * This is equivalent to "git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline"
 */
int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;

        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
                diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;

        init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
        init_reflog_walk(&rev.reflog_info);
        rev.abbrev_commit = 1;
        rev.verbose_header = 1;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);

        /*
         * This means that we override whatever commit format the user gave
         * on the cmd line.  Sad, but cmd_log_init() currently doesn't
         * allow us to set a different default.
         */
        rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_ONELINE;
        rev.use_terminator = 1;
        rev.always_show_header = 1;

        /*
         * We get called through "git reflog", so unlike the other log
         * routines, we need to set up our pager manually..
         */
        setup_pager();

        return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
}

int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;

        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
                diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;

        init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
        rev.always_show_header = 1;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
        return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
}

/* format-patch */

static const char *fmt_patch_suffix = ".patch";
static int numbered = 0;
static int auto_number = 1;

static char *default_attach = NULL;

static struct string_list extra_hdr;
static struct string_list extra_to;
static struct string_list extra_cc;

static void add_header(const char *value)
{
        struct string_list_item *item;
        int len = strlen(value);
        while (len && value[len - 1] == '\n')
                len--;

        if (!strncasecmp(value, "to: ", 4)) {
                item = string_list_append(value + 4, &extra_to);
                len -= 4;
        } else if (!strncasecmp(value, "cc: ", 4)) {
                item = string_list_append(value + 4, &extra_cc);
                len -= 4;
        } else {
                item = string_list_append(value, &extra_hdr);
        }

        item->string[len] = '\0';
}

#define THREAD_SHALLOW 1
#define THREAD_DEEP 2
static int thread = 0;
static int do_signoff = 0;

static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
{
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.headers")) {
                if (!value)
                        die("format.headers without value");
                add_header(value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.suffix"))
                return git_config_string(&fmt_patch_suffix, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.to")) {
                if (!value)
                        return config_error_nonbool(var);
                string_list_append(value, &extra_to);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.cc")) {
                if (!value)
                        return config_error_nonbool(var);
                string_list_append(value, &extra_cc);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.diff")) {
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.numbered")) {
                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
                        auto_number = 1;
                        return 0;
                }
                numbered = git_config_bool(var, value);
                auto_number = auto_number && numbered;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.attach")) {
                if (value && *value)
                        default_attach = xstrdup(value);
                else
                        default_attach = xstrdup(git_version_string);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.thread")) {
                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "deep")) {
                        thread = THREAD_DEEP;
                        return 0;
                }
                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "shallow")) {
                        thread = THREAD_SHALLOW;
                        return 0;
                }
                thread = git_config_bool(var, value) && THREAD_SHALLOW;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.signoff")) {
                do_signoff = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }

        return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
}

static FILE *realstdout = NULL;
static const char *output_directory = NULL;
static int outdir_offset;

static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
{
        struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
        int suffix_len = strlen(fmt_patch_suffix) + 1;

        if (output_directory) {
                strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
                if (filename.len >=
                    PATH_MAX - FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len)
                        return error("name of output directory is too long");
                if (filename.buf[filename.len - 1] != '/')
                        strbuf_addch(&filename, '/');
        }

        get_patch_filename(commit, rev->nr, fmt_patch_suffix, &filename);

        if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, QUICK))
                fprintf(realstdout, "%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);

        if (freopen(filename.buf, "w", stdout) == NULL)
                return error("Cannot open patch file %s", filename.buf);

        strbuf_release(&filename);
        return 0;
}

static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info check_rev;
        struct commit *commit;
        struct object *o1, *o2;
        unsigned flags1, flags2;

        if (rev->pending.nr != 2)
                die("Need exactly one range.");

        o1 = rev->pending.objects[0].item;
        flags1 = o1->flags;
        o2 = rev->pending.objects[1].item;
        flags2 = o2->flags;

        if ((flags1 & UNINTERESTING) == (flags2 & UNINTERESTING))
                die("Not a range.");

        init_patch_ids(ids);

        /* given a range a..b get all patch ids for b..a */
        init_revisions(&check_rev, prefix);
        o1->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
        o2->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
        add_pending_object(&check_rev, o1, "o1");
        add_pending_object(&check_rev, o2, "o2");
        if (prepare_revision_walk(&check_rev))
                die("revision walk setup failed");

        while ((commit = get_revision(&check_rev)) != NULL) {
                /* ignore merges */
                if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
                        continue;

                add_commit_patch_id(commit, ids);
        }

        /* reset for next revision walk */
        clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o1,
                        SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
        clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o2,
                        SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
        o1->flags = flags1;
        o2->flags = flags2;
}

static void gen_message_id(struct rev_info *info, char *base)
{
        const char *committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME);
        const char *email_start = strrchr(committer, '<');
        const char *email_end = strrchr(committer, '>');
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        if (!email_start || !email_end || email_start > email_end - 1)
                die("Could not extract email from committer identity.");
        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%lu.git.%.*s", base,
                    (unsigned long) time(NULL),
                    (int)(email_end - email_start - 1), email_start + 1);
        info->message_id = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
}

static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
                              int numbered, int numbered_files,
                              struct commit *origin,
                              int nr, struct commit **list, struct commit *head)
{
        const char *committer;
        const char *subject_start = NULL;
        const char *body = "*** SUBJECT HERE ***\n\n*** BLURB HERE ***\n";
        const char *msg;
        const char *extra_headers = rev->extra_headers;
        struct shortlog log;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        int i;
        const char *encoding = "UTF-8";
        struct diff_options opts;
        int need_8bit_cte = 0;
        struct commit *commit = NULL;

        if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
                die("Cover letter needs email format");

        committer = git_committer_info(0);

        if (!numbered_files) {
                /*
                 * We fake a commit for the cover letter so we get the filename
                 * desired.
                 */
                commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
                commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
                snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
                        "tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
                        "parent %s\n"
                        "author %s\n"
                        "committer %s\n\n"
                        "cover letter\n",
                        sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1), committer, committer);
        }

        if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(commit, rev))
                return;

        if (commit) {

                free(commit->buffer);
                free(commit);
        }

        log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &subject_start, &extra_headers,
                                &need_8bit_cte);

        for (i = 0; !need_8bit_cte && i < nr; i++)
                if (has_non_ascii(list[i]->buffer))
                        need_8bit_cte = 1;

        msg = body;
        pp_user_info(NULL, CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &sb, committer, DATE_RFC2822,
                     encoding);
        pp_title_line(CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &msg, &sb, subject_start, extra_headers,
                      encoding, need_8bit_cte);
        pp_remainder(CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &msg, &sb, 0);
        printf("%s\n", sb.buf);

        strbuf_release(&sb);

        shortlog_init(&log);
        log.wrap_lines = 1;
        log.wrap = 72;
        log.in1 = 2;
        log.in2 = 4;
        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
                shortlog_add_commit(&log, list[i]);

        shortlog_output(&log);

        /*
         * We can only do diffstat with a unique reference point
         */
        if (!origin)
                return;

        memcpy(&opts, &rev->diffopt, sizeof(opts));
        opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;

        diff_setup_done(&opts);

        diff_tree_sha1(origin->tree->object.sha1,
                       head->tree->object.sha1,
                       "", &opts);
        diffcore_std(&opts);
        diff_flush(&opts);

        printf("\n");
}

static const char *clean_message_id(const char *msg_id)
{
        char ch;
        const char *a, *z, *m;

        m = msg_id;
        while ((ch = *m) && (isspace(ch) || (ch == '<')))
                m++;
        a = m;
        z = NULL;
        while ((ch = *m)) {
                if (!isspace(ch) && (ch != '>'))
                        z = m;
                m++;
        }
        if (!z)
                die("insane in-reply-to: %s", msg_id);
        if (++z == m)
                return a;
        return xmemdupz(a, z - a);
}

static const char *set_outdir(const char *prefix, const char *output_directory)
{
        if (output_directory && is_absolute_path(output_directory))
                return output_directory;

        if (!prefix || !*prefix) {
                if (output_directory)
                        return output_directory;
                /* The user did not explicitly ask for "./" */
                outdir_offset = 2;
                return "./";
        }

        outdir_offset = strlen(prefix);
        if (!output_directory)
                return prefix;

        return xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, outdir_offset,
                                       output_directory));
}

static const char * const builtin_format_patch_usage[] = {
        "git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]",
        NULL
};

static int keep_subject = 0;

static int keep_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        ((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->total = -1;
        keep_subject = 1;
        return 0;
}

static int subject_prefix = 0;

static int subject_prefix_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                            int unset)
{
        subject_prefix = 1;
        ((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->subject_prefix = arg;
        return 0;
}

static int numbered_cmdline_opt = 0;

static int numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                             int unset)
{
        *(int *)opt->value = numbered_cmdline_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
        if (unset)
                auto_number =  0;
        return 0;
}

static int no_numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                                int unset)
{
        return numbered_callback(opt, arg, 1);
}

static int output_directory_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                              int unset)
{
        const char **dir = (const char **)opt->value;
        if (*dir)
                die("Two output directories?");
        *dir = arg;
        return 0;
}

static int thread_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        int *thread = (int *)opt->value;
        if (unset)
                *thread = 0;
        else if (!arg || !strcmp(arg, "shallow"))
                *thread = THREAD_SHALLOW;
        else if (!strcmp(arg, "deep"))
                *thread = THREAD_DEEP;
        else
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

static int attach_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        struct rev_info *rev = (struct rev_info *)opt->value;
        if (unset)
                rev->mime_boundary = NULL;
        else if (arg)
                rev->mime_boundary = arg;
        else
                rev->mime_boundary = git_version_string;
        rev->no_inline = unset ? 0 : 1;
        return 0;
}

static int inline_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        struct rev_info *rev = (struct rev_info *)opt->value;
        if (unset)
                rev->mime_boundary = NULL;
        else if (arg)
                rev->mime_boundary = arg;
        else
                rev->mime_boundary = git_version_string;
        rev->no_inline = 0;
        return 0;
}

static int header_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        if (unset) {
                string_list_clear(&extra_hdr, 0);
                string_list_clear(&extra_to, 0);
                string_list_clear(&extra_cc, 0);
        } else {
            add_header(arg);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int to_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        if (unset)
                string_list_clear(&extra_to, 0);
        else
                string_list_append(arg, &extra_to);
        return 0;
}

static int cc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        if (unset)
                string_list_clear(&extra_cc, 0);
        else
                string_list_append(arg, &extra_cc);
        return 0;
}

int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct commit *commit;
        struct commit **list = NULL;
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt s_r_opt;
        int nr = 0, total, i;
        int use_stdout = 0;
        int start_number = -1;
        int numbered_files = 0;         /* _just_ numbers */
        int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
        int cover_letter = 0;
        int boundary_count = 0;
        int no_binary_diff = 0;
        struct commit *origin = NULL, *head = NULL;
        const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
        struct patch_ids ids;
        char *add_signoff = NULL;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int use_patch_format = 0;
        const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
                            "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch",
                            PARSE_OPT_NOARG, numbered_callback },
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
                            "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches",
                            PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
                OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
                OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
                            "print patches to standard out"),
                OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
                            "generate a cover letter"),
                OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numbered-files", &numbered_files,
                            "use simple number sequence for output file names"),
                OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, "sfx",
                            "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"),
                OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
                            "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"),
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, "prefix",
                            "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]",
                            PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback },
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'o', "output-directory", &output_directory,
                            "dir", "store resulting files in <dir>",
                            PARSE_OPT_NONEG, output_directory_callback },
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
                            "don't strip/add [PATCH]",
                            PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback },
                OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
                            "don't output binary diffs"),
                OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
                            "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"),
                { OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
                  "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)",
                  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
                OPT_GROUP("Messaging"),
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, "header",
                            "add email header", 0, header_callback },
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "to", NULL, "email", "add To: header",
                            0, to_callback },
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, "email", "add Cc: header",
                            0, cc_callback },
                OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, "message-id",
                            "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"),
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, "boundary",
                            "attach the patch", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
                            attach_callback },
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, "boundary",
                            "inline the patch",
                            PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
                            inline_callback },
                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, "style",
                            "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep",
                            PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback },
                OPT_END()
        };

        extra_hdr.strdup_strings = 1;
        extra_to.strdup_strings = 1;
        extra_cc.strdup_strings = 1;
        git_config(git_format_config, NULL);
        init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
        rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
        rev.verbose_header = 1;
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.combine_merges = 0;
        rev.ignore_merges = 1;
        DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
        rev.subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
        memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
        s_r_opt.def = "HEAD";

        if (default_attach) {
                rev.mime_boundary = default_attach;
                rev.no_inline = 1;
        }

        /*
         * Parse the arguments before setup_revisions(), or something
         * like "git format-patch -o a123 HEAD^.." may fail; a123 is
         * possibly a valid SHA1.
         */
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_format_patch_options,
                             builtin_format_patch_usage,
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);

        if (do_signoff) {
                const char *committer;
                const char *endpos;
                committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
                endpos = strchr(committer, '>');
                if (!endpos)
                        die("bogus committer info %s", committer);
                add_signoff = xmemdupz(committer, endpos - committer + 1);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr.nr; i++) {
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_hdr.items[i].string);
                strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
        }

        if (extra_to.nr)
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, "To: ");
        for (i = 0; i < extra_to.nr; i++) {
                if (i)
                        strbuf_addstr(&buf, "    ");
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_to.items[i].string);
                if (i + 1 < extra_to.nr)
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, ',');
                strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
        }

        if (extra_cc.nr)
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Cc: ");
        for (i = 0; i < extra_cc.nr; i++) {
                if (i)
                        strbuf_addstr(&buf, "    ");
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_cc.items[i].string);
                if (i + 1 < extra_cc.nr)
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, ',');
                strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
        }

        rev.extra_headers = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);

        if (start_number < 0)
                start_number = 1;

        /*
         * If numbered is set solely due to format.numbered in config,
         * and it would conflict with --keep-subject (-k) from the
         * command line, reset "numbered".
         */
        if (numbered && keep_subject && !numbered_cmdline_opt)
                numbered = 0;

        if (numbered && keep_subject)
                die ("-n and -k are mutually exclusive.");
        if (keep_subject && subject_prefix)
                die ("--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive.");

        argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, &s_r_opt);
        if (argc > 1)
                die ("unrecognized argument: %s", argv[1]);

        if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME)
                die("--name-only does not make sense");
        if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)
                die("--name-status does not make sense");
        if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF)
                die("--check does not make sense");

        if (!use_patch_format &&
                (!rev.diffopt.output_format ||
                 rev.diffopt.output_format == DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
                rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;

        /* Always generate a patch */
        rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;

        if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, TEXT) && !no_binary_diff)
                DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, BINARY);

        if (rev.show_notes)
                init_display_notes(&rev.notes_opt);

        if (!use_stdout)
                output_directory = set_outdir(prefix, output_directory);

        if (output_directory) {
                if (use_stdout)
                        die("standard output, or directory, which one?");
                if (mkdir(output_directory, 0777) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                        die_errno("Could not create directory '%s'",
                                  output_directory);
        }

        if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
                if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
                        /*
                         * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
                         * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
                         * does not have.
                         */
                        rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
                        add_head_to_pending(&rev);
                }
                /*
                 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
                 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
                 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
                 */
        }

        /*
         * We cannot move this anywhere earlier because we do want to
         * know if --root was given explicitly from the command line.
         */
        rev.show_root_diff = 1;

        if (cover_letter) {
                /* remember the range */
                int i;
                for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
                        struct object *o = rev.pending.objects[i].item;
                        if (!(o->flags & UNINTERESTING))
                                head = (struct commit *)o;
                }
                /* We can't generate a cover letter without any patches */
                if (!head)
                        return 0;
        }

        if (ignore_if_in_upstream) {
                /* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
                if (rev.pending.nr == 2) {
                        struct object_array_entry *o = rev.pending.objects;
                        if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
                                return 0;
                }
                get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids, prefix);
        }

        if (!use_stdout)
                realstdout = xfdopen(xdup(1), "w");

        if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
                die("revision walk setup failed");
        rev.boundary = 1;
        while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
                if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY) {
                        boundary_count++;
                        origin = (boundary_count == 1) ? commit : NULL;
                        continue;
                }

                /* ignore merges */
                if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
                        continue;

                if (ignore_if_in_upstream &&
                                has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
                        continue;

                nr++;
                list = xrealloc(list, nr * sizeof(list[0]));
                list[nr - 1] = commit;
        }
        total = nr;
        if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
                numbered = 1;
        if (numbered)
                rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
        if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
                rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
        if (in_reply_to) {
                const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
                string_list_append(msgid, rev.ref_message_ids);
        }
        rev.numbered_files = numbered_files;
        rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
        if (cover_letter) {
                if (thread)
                        gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
                make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout, numbered, numbered_files,
                                  origin, nr, list, head);
                total++;
                start_number--;
        }
        rev.add_signoff = add_signoff;
        while (0 <= --nr) {
                int shown;
                commit = list[nr];
                rev.nr = total - nr + (start_number - 1);
                /* Make the second and subsequent mails replies to the first */
                if (thread) {
                        /* Have we already had a message ID? */
                        if (rev.message_id) {
                                /*
                                 * For deep threading: make every mail
                                 * a reply to the previous one, no
                                 * matter what other options are set.
                                 *
                                 * For shallow threading:
                                 *
                                 * Without --cover-letter and
                                 * --in-reply-to, make every mail a
                                 * reply to the one before.
                                 *
                                 * With --in-reply-to but no
                                 * --cover-letter, make every mail a
                                 * reply to the <reply-to>.
                                 *
                                 * With --cover-letter, make every
                                 * mail but the cover letter a reply
                                 * to the cover letter.  The cover
                                 * letter is a reply to the
                                 * --in-reply-to, if specified.
                                 */
                                if (thread == THREAD_SHALLOW
                                    && rev.ref_message_ids->nr > 0
                                    && (!cover_letter || rev.nr > 1))
                                        free(rev.message_id);
                                else
                                        string_list_append(rev.message_id,
                                                           rev.ref_message_ids);
                        }
                        gen_message_id(&rev, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
                }

                if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(numbered_files ? NULL : commit,
                                                 &rev))
                        die("Failed to create output files");
                shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
                free(commit->buffer);
                commit->buffer = NULL;

                /* We put one extra blank line between formatted
                 * patches and this flag is used by log-tree code
                 * to see if it needs to emit a LF before showing
                 * the log; when using one file per patch, we do
                 * not want the extra blank line.
                 */
                if (!use_stdout)
                        rev.shown_one = 0;
                if (shown) {
                        if (rev.mime_boundary)
                                printf("\n--%s%s--\n\n\n",
                                       mime_boundary_leader,
                                       rev.mime_boundary);
                        else
                                printf("-- \n%s\n\n", git_version_string);
                }
                if (!use_stdout)
                        fclose(stdout);
        }
        free(list);
        string_list_clear(&extra_to, 0);
        string_list_clear(&extra_cc, 0);
        string_list_clear(&extra_hdr, 0);
        if (ignore_if_in_upstream)
                free_patch_ids(&ids);
        return 0;
}

static int add_pending_commit(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags)
{
        unsigned char sha1[20];
        if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) == 0) {
                struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
                if (commit) {
                        commit->object.flags |= flags;
                        add_pending_object(revs, &commit->object, arg);
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        return -1;
}

static const char * const cherry_usage[] = {
        "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]",
        NULL
};

int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info revs;
        struct patch_ids ids;
        struct commit *commit;
        struct commit_list *list = NULL;
        struct branch *current_branch;
        const char *upstream;
        const char *head = "HEAD";
        const char *limit = NULL;
        int verbose = 0, abbrev = 0;

        struct option options[] = {
                OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
                OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
                OPT_END()
        };

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, cherry_usage, 0);

        switch (argc) {
        case 3:
                limit = argv[2];
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 2:
                head = argv[1];
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 1:
                upstream = argv[0];
                break;
        default:
                current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
                if (!current_branch || !current_branch->merge
                                        || !current_branch->merge[0]
                                        || !current_branch->merge[0]->dst) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find a tracked"
                                        " remote branch, please"
                                        " specify <upstream> manually.\n");
                        usage_with_options(cherry_usage, options);
                }

                upstream = current_branch->merge[0]->dst;
        }

        init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
        revs.diff = 1;
        revs.combine_merges = 0;
        revs.ignore_merges = 1;
        DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, RECURSIVE);

        if (add_pending_commit(head, &revs, 0))
                die("Unknown commit %s", head);
        if (add_pending_commit(upstream, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
                die("Unknown commit %s", upstream);

        /* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
        if (revs.pending.nr == 2) {
                struct object_array_entry *o = revs.pending.objects;
                if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
                        return 0;
        }

        get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids, prefix);

        if (limit && add_pending_commit(limit, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
                die("Unknown commit %s", limit);

        /* reverse the list of commits */
        if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
                die("revision walk setup failed");
        while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
                /* ignore merges */
                if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
                        continue;

                commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
        }

        while (list) {
                char sign = '+';

                commit = list->item;
                if (has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
                        sign = '-';

                if (verbose) {
                        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                        struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
                        pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit,
                                            &buf, &ctx);
                        printf("%c %s %s\n", sign,
                               find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev),
                               buf.buf);
                        strbuf_release(&buf);
                }
                else {
                        printf("%c %s\n", sign,
                               find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev));
                }

                list = list->next;
        }

        free_patch_ids(&ids);
        return 0;
}