1Commit Limiting 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 4Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the 5special notations explained in the description, additional commit 6limiting may be applied. 7 8Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g. 9`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it 10with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message 11has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted. 12 13Note that these are applied before commit 14ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`. 15 16-<number>:: 17-n <number>:: 18--max-count=<number>:: 19 Limit the number of commits to output. 20 21--skip=<number>:: 22 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output. 23 24--since=<date>:: 25--after=<date>:: 26 Show commits more recent than a specific date. 27 28--until=<date>:: 29--before=<date>:: 30 Show commits older than a specific date. 31 32ifdef::git-rev-list[] 33--max-age=<timestamp>:: 34--min-age=<timestamp>:: 35 Limit the commits output to specified time range. 36endif::git-rev-list[] 37 38--author=<pattern>:: 39--committer=<pattern>:: 40 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer 41 header lines that match the specified pattern (regular 42 expression). With more than one `--author=<pattern>`, 43 commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are 44 chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`). 45 46--grep-reflog=<pattern>:: 47 Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that 48 match the specified pattern (regular expression). With 49 more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message 50 matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an 51 error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use. 52 53--grep=<pattern>:: 54 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that 55 matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With 56 more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message 57 matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see 58 `--all-match`). 59ifndef::git-rev-list[] 60+ 61When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is 62matched as if it were part of the log message. 63endif::git-rev-list[] 64 65--all-match:: 66 Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`, 67 instead of ones that match at least one. 68 69--invert-grep:: 70 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not 71 match the pattern specified with `--grep=<pattern>`. 72 73-i:: 74--regexp-ignore-case:: 75 Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter 76 case. 77 78--basic-regexp:: 79 Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions; 80 this is the default. 81 82-E:: 83--extended-regexp:: 84 Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions 85 instead of the default basic regular expressions. 86 87-F:: 88--fixed-strings:: 89 Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret 90 pattern as a regular expression). 91 92-P:: 93--perl-regexp:: 94 Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular 95 expressions. 96+ 97Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional 98compile-time dependency. If Git wasn't compiled with support for them 99providing this option will cause it to die. 100 101--remove-empty:: 102 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree. 103 104--merges:: 105 Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`. 106 107--no-merges:: 108 Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is 109 exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`. 110 111--min-parents=<number>:: 112--max-parents=<number>:: 113--no-min-parents:: 114--no-max-parents:: 115 Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent 116 commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`, 117 `--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`. `--max-parents=0` 118 gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges. 119+ 120`--no-min-parents` and `--no-max-parents` reset these limits (to no limit) 121again. Equivalent forms are `--min-parents=0` (any commit has 0 or more 122parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). 123 124--first-parent:: 125 Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge 126 commit. This option can give a better overview when 127 viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch, 128 because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about 129 adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and 130 this option allows you to ignore the individual commits 131 brought in to your history by such a merge. Cannot be 132 combined with --bisect. 133 134--not:: 135 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof) 136 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`. 137 138--all:: 139 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/`, along with `HEAD`, are 140 listed on the command line as '<commit>'. 141 142--branches[=<pattern>]:: 143 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed 144 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 145 branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', 146 '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 147 148--tags[=<pattern>]:: 149 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed 150 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 151 tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 152 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 153 154--remotes[=<pattern>]:: 155 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed 156 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 157 remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob. 158 If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 159 160--glob=<glob-pattern>:: 161 Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob '<glob-pattern>' 162 are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/', 163 is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 164 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 165 166--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: 167 168 Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, 169 `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise 170 consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns 171 up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or 172 `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear 173 accumulated patterns). 174+ 175The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or 176`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, 177respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` 178or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given 179explicitly. 180 181--reflog:: 182 Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the 183 command line as `<commit>`. 184 185--single-worktree:: 186 By default, all working trees will be examined by the 187 following options when there are more than one (see 188 linkgit:git-worktree[1]): `--all`, `--reflog` and 189 `--indexed-objects`. 190 This option forces them to examine the current working tree 191 only. 192 193--ignore-missing:: 194 Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if 195 the bad input was not given. 196 197ifndef::git-rev-list[] 198--bisect:: 199 Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad` 200 was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good 201 bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command 202 line. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 203endif::git-rev-list[] 204 205--stdin:: 206 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command 207 line, read them from the standard input. If a `--` separator is 208 seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the 209 result. 210 211ifdef::git-rev-list[] 212--quiet:: 213 Don't print anything to standard output. This form 214 is primarily meant to allow the caller to 215 test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully 216 connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout 217 to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted. 218endif::git-rev-list[] 219 220--cherry-mark:: 221 Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits 222 with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`. 223 224--cherry-pick:: 225 Omit any commit that introduces the same change as 226 another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of 227 commits are limited with symmetric difference. 228+ 229For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way 230to list all commits on only one side of them is with 231`--left-right` (see the example below in the description of 232the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were 233cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be 234cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are 235excluded from the output. 236 237--left-only:: 238--right-only:: 239 List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric difference, 240 i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by 241 `--left-right`. 242+ 243For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those 244commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in 245`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`. 246More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact 247list. 248 249--cherry:: 250 A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to 251 limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that 252 have been applied to the other side of a forked history with 253 `git log --cherry upstream...mybranch`, similar to 254 `git cherry upstream mybranch`. 255 256-g:: 257--walk-reflogs:: 258 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk 259 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. 260 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to 261 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2', 262 and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). 263+ 264With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons), 265this causes the output to have two extra lines of information 266taken from the reflog. The reflog designator in the output may be shown 267as `ref@{Nth}` (where `Nth` is the reverse-chronological index in the 268reflog) or as `ref@{timestamp}` (with the timestamp for that entry), 269depending on a few rules: 270+ 271-- 2721. If the starting point is specified as `ref@{Nth}`, show the index 273 format. 274+ 2752. If the starting point was specified as `ref@{now}`, show the 276 timestamp format. 277+ 2783. If neither was used, but `--date` was given on the command line, show 279 the timestamp in the format requested by `--date`. 280+ 2814. Otherwise, show the index format. 282-- 283+ 284Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is 285prefixed with this information on the same line. 286This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`. 287See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. 288 289--merge:: 290 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a 291 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge. 292 293--boundary:: 294 Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are 295 prefixed with `-`. 296 297ifdef::git-rev-list[] 298--use-bitmap-index:: 299 300 Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if 301 one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`, 302 trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed. 303 304--progress=<header>:: 305 Show progress reports on stderr as objects are considered. The 306 `<header>` text will be printed with each progress update. 307endif::git-rev-list[] 308 309History Simplification 310~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 311 312Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the 313commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of 314'History Simplification', one part is selecting the commits and the other 315is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history. 316 317The following options select the commits to be shown: 318 319<paths>:: 320 Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected. 321 322--simplify-by-decoration:: 323 Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected. 324 325Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history. 326 327The following options affect the way the simplification is performed: 328 329Default mode:: 330 Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the 331 final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side 332 branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches 333 with the same content) 334 335--full-history:: 336 Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history. 337 338--dense:: 339 Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a 340 meaningful history. 341 342--sparse:: 343 All commits in the simplified history are shown. 344 345--simplify-merges:: 346 Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless 347 merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected 348 commits contributing to this merge. 349 350--ancestry-path:: 351 When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2' 352 or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist 353 directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and 354 'commit2', i.e. commits that are both descendants of 'commit1', 355 and ancestors of 'commit2'. 356 357A more detailed explanation follows. 358 359Suppose you specified `foo` as the <paths>. We shall call commits 360that modify `foo` !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff 361filtered for `foo`, they look different and equal, respectively.) 362 363In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to 364illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume 365that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph: 366----------------------------------------------------------------------- 367 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 368 / / / / / / 369 I B C D E Y 370 \ / / / / / 371 `-------------' X 372----------------------------------------------------------------------- 373The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of 374each merge. The commits are: 375 376* `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents 377 ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial 378 commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 379 380* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''. 381 382* `B` contains the same change as `A`. Its merge `M` is trivial and 383 hence TREESAME to all parents. 384 385* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'', 386 so it is not TREESAME to any parent. 387 388* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from 389 `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. 390 391* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the 392 strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. 393 394* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` 395 modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and 396 `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`. 397 398`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding 399commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting 400(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings 401are available. 402 403Default mode:: 404 Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent 405 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). If the 406 commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow 407 only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME 408 parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all 409 parents. 410+ 411This results in: 412+ 413----------------------------------------------------------------------- 414 .-A---N---O 415 / / / 416 I---------D 417----------------------------------------------------------------------- 418+ 419Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is 420available, removed `B` from consideration entirely. `C` was 421considered via `N`, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an 422empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 423+ 424Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does 425not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the 426parent lines. 427 428--full-history without parent rewriting:: 429 This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow 430 all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them. 431 Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are 432 included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In 433 the example, we get 434+ 435----------------------------------------------------------------------- 436 I A B N D O P Q 437----------------------------------------------------------------------- 438+ 439`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. `E`, 440`C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others 441do not appear. 442+ 443Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk 444about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show 445them disconnected. 446 447--full-history with parent rewriting:: 448 Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME 449 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). 450+ 451Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten: 452Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included 453themselves. This results in 454+ 455----------------------------------------------------------------------- 456 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 457 / / / / / 458 I B / D / 459 \ / / / / 460 `-------------' 461----------------------------------------------------------------------- 462+ 463Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above. Note that `E` 464was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was 465rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`. The same happened for `C` and 466`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`. 467 468In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME 469affects inclusion: 470 471--dense:: 472 Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME 473 to any parent. 474 475--sparse:: 476 All commits that are walked are included. 477+ 478Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if 479one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other 480sides of the merge are never walked. 481 482--simplify-merges:: 483 First, build a history graph in the same way that 484 `--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above). 485+ 486Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final 487history according to the following rules: 488+ 489-- 490* Set `C'` to `C`. 491+ 492* Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`. In 493 the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are 494 root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care 495 to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to. 496+ 497* If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has 498 zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains. 499 Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent. 500-- 501+ 502The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to 503`--full-history` with parent rewriting. The example turns into: 504+ 505----------------------------------------------------------------------- 506 .-A---M---N---O 507 / / / 508 I B D 509 \ / / 510 `---------' 511----------------------------------------------------------------------- 512+ 513Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`: 514+ 515-- 516* `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the 517 other parent `M`. Still, `N` remained because it is !TREESAME. 518+ 519* `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed. `P` was then 520 removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME. 521+ 522* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it 523 was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one 524 parent and is TREESAME. 525-- 526 527Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available: 528 529--ancestry-path:: 530 Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry 531 chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit 532 range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to'' 533 commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit. 534+ 535As an example use case, consider the following commit history: 536+ 537----------------------------------------------------------------------- 538 D---E-------F 539 / \ \ 540 B---C---G---H---I---J 541 / \ 542 A-------K---------------L--M 543----------------------------------------------------------------------- 544+ 545A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`, 546but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see 547what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense 548that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this 549example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself, 550of course). 551+ 552When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the 553bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view 554only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e. 555excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path` 556option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: 557+ 558----------------------------------------------------------------------- 559 E-------F 560 \ \ 561 G---H---I---J 562 \ 563 L--M 564----------------------------------------------------------------------- 565 566The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the 567big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits 568that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME 569(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described 570above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the 571contents of the paths given on the command line. All other 572commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away). 573 574ifdef::git-rev-list[] 575Bisection Helpers 576~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 577 578--bisect:: 579 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between 580 included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref 581 `refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it 582 exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are 583 added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there 584 are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if 585+ 586----------------------------------------------------------------------- 587 $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz 588----------------------------------------------------------------------- 589+ 590outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands 591+ 592----------------------------------------------------------------------- 593 $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint 594 $ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz 595----------------------------------------------------------------------- 596+ 597would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which 598introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly 599generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length 600one. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 601 602--bisect-vars:: 603 This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in 604 `refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs 605 text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the 606 name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the 607 expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested 608 to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if 609 `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected 610 number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to 611 `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to 612 `bisect_all`. 613 614--bisect-all:: 615 This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded 616 commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded 617 commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest 618 from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by 619 `--bisect`.) 620+ 621This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to 622test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they 623may not compile for example). 624+ 625This option can be used along with `--bisect-vars`, in this case, 626after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if 627`--bisect-vars` had been used alone. 628endif::git-rev-list[] 629 630 631Commit Ordering 632~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 633 634By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order. 635 636--date-order:: 637 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 638 otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order. 639 640--author-date-order:: 641 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 642 otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order. 643 644--topo-order:: 645 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and 646 avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history 647 intermixed. 648+ 649For example, in a commit history like this: 650+ 651---------------------------------------------------------------- 652 653 ---1----2----4----7 654 \ \ 655 3----5----6----8--- 656 657---------------------------------------------------------------- 658+ 659where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git 660rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the 661timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. 662+ 663With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5 6643 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to 665avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed 666together. 667 668--reverse:: 669 Output the commits chosen to be shown (see Commit Limiting 670 section above) in reverse order. Cannot be combined with 671 `--walk-reflogs`. 672 673Object Traversal 674~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 675 676These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories. 677 678ifdef::git-rev-list[] 679--objects:: 680 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed 681 commits. `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me 682 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit 683 object _bar_ but not _foo_''. 684 685--in-commit-order:: 686 Print tree and blob ids in order of the commits. The tree 687 and blob ids are printed after they are first referenced 688 by a commit. 689 690--objects-edge:: 691 Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded 692 commits prefixed with a ``-'' character. This is used by 693 linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build a ``thin'' pack, which records 694 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these 695 excluded commits to reduce network traffic. 696 697--objects-edge-aggressive:: 698 Similar to `--objects-edge`, but it tries harder to find excluded 699 commits at the cost of increased time. This is used instead of 700 `--objects-edge` to build ``thin'' packs for shallow repositories. 701 702--indexed-objects:: 703 Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed 704 on the command line. Note that you probably want to use 705 `--objects`, too. 706 707--unpacked:: 708 Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not 709 in packs. 710 711--filter=<filter-spec>:: 712 Only useful with one of the `--objects*`; omits objects (usually 713 blobs) from the list of printed objects. The '<filter-spec>' 714 may be one of the following: 715+ 716The form '--filter=blob:none' omits all blobs. 717+ 718The form '--filter=blob:limit=<n>[kmg]' omits blobs larger than n bytes 719or units. n may be zero. The suffixes k, m, and g can be used to name 720units in KiB, MiB, or GiB. For example, 'blob:limit=1k' is the same 721as 'blob:limit=1024'. 722+ 723The form '--filter=sparse:oid=<blob-ish>' uses a sparse-checkout 724specification contained in the blob (or blob-expression) '<blob-ish>' 725to omit blobs that would not be not required for a sparse checkout on 726the requested refs. 727+ 728The form '--filter=tree:<depth>' omits all blobs and trees whose depth 729from the root tree is >= <depth> (minimum depth if an object is located 730at multiple depths in the commits traversed). <depth>=0 will not include 731any trees or blobs unless included explicitly in the command-line (or 732standard input when --stdin is used). <depth>=1 will include only the 733tree and blobs which are referenced directly by a commit reachable from 734<commit> or an explicitly-given object. <depth>=2 is like <depth>=1 735while also including trees and blobs one more level removed from an 736explicitly-given commit or tree. 737+ 738Note that the form '--filter=sparse:path=<path>' that wants to read 739from an arbitrary path on the filesystem has been dropped for security 740reasons. 741+ 742Multiple '--filter=' flags can be specified to combine filters. Only 743objects which are accepted by every filter are included. 744+ 745The form '--filter=combine:<filter1>+<filter2>+...<filterN>' can also be 746used to combined several filters, but this is harder than just repeating 747the '--filter' flag and is usually not necessary. Filters are joined by 748'{plus}' and individual filters are %-encoded (i.e. URL-encoded). 749Besides the '{plus}' and '%' characters, the following characters are 750reserved and also must be encoded: `~!@#$^&*()[]{}\;",<>?`+'`+ 751as well as all characters with ASCII code <= `0x20`, which includes 752space and newline. 753+ 754Other arbitrary characters can also be encoded. For instance, 755'combine:tree:3+blob:none' and 'combine:tree%3A3+blob%3Anone' are 756equivalent. 757 758--no-filter:: 759 Turn off any previous `--filter=` argument. 760 761--filter-print-omitted:: 762 Only useful with `--filter=`; prints a list of the objects omitted 763 by the filter. Object IDs are prefixed with a ``~'' character. 764 765--missing=<missing-action>:: 766 A debug option to help with future "partial clone" development. 767 This option specifies how missing objects are handled. 768+ 769The form '--missing=error' requests that rev-list stop with an error if 770a missing object is encountered. This is the default action. 771+ 772The form '--missing=allow-any' will allow object traversal to continue 773if a missing object is encountered. Missing objects will silently be 774omitted from the results. 775+ 776The form '--missing=allow-promisor' is like 'allow-any', but will only 777allow object traversal to continue for EXPECTED promisor missing objects. 778Unexpected missing objects will raise an error. 779+ 780The form '--missing=print' is like 'allow-any', but will also print a 781list of the missing objects. Object IDs are prefixed with a ``?'' character. 782 783--exclude-promisor-objects:: 784 (For internal use only.) Prefilter object traversal at 785 promisor boundary. This is used with partial clone. This is 786 stronger than `--missing=allow-promisor` because it limits the 787 traversal, rather than just silencing errors about missing 788 objects. 789endif::git-rev-list[] 790 791--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]:: 792 Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors. 793 This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument 794 `unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were 795 given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument 796 was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order 797 by commit time. 798 Cannot be combined with `--graph`. 799 800--do-walk:: 801 Overrides a previous `--no-walk`. 802 803Commit Formatting 804~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 805 806ifdef::git-rev-list[] 807Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the 808more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1], 809linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] 810endif::git-rev-list[] 811 812include::pretty-options.txt[] 813 814--relative-date:: 815 Synonym for `--date=relative`. 816 817--date=<format>:: 818 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such 819 as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default 820 value for the log command's `--date` option. By default, dates 821 are shown in the original time zone (either committer's or 822 author's). If `-local` is appended to the format (e.g., 823 `iso-local`), the user's local time zone is used instead. 824+ 825-- 826`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time, 827e.g. ``2 hours ago''. The `-local` option has no effect for 828`--date=relative`. 829 830`--date=local` is an alias for `--date=default-local`. 831 832`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format. 833The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are: 834 835 - a space instead of the `T` date/time delimiter 836 - a space between time and time zone 837 - no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone 838 839`--date=iso-strict` (or `--date=iso8601-strict`) shows timestamps in strict 840ISO 8601 format. 841 842`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 843format, often found in email messages. 844 845`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. 846 847`--date=raw` shows the date as seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 84800:00:00 UTC), followed by a space, and then the timezone as an offset 849from UTC (a `+` or `-` with four digits; the first two are hours, and 850the second two are minutes). I.e., as if the timestamp were formatted 851with `strftime("%s %z")`). 852Note that the `-local` option does not affect the seconds-since-epoch 853value (which is always measured in UTC), but does switch the accompanying 854timezone value. 855 856`--date=human` shows the timezone if the timezone does not match the 857current time-zone, and doesn't print the whole date if that matches 858(ie skip printing year for dates that are "this year", but also skip 859the whole date itself if it's in the last few days and we can just say 860what weekday it was). For older dates the hour and minute is also 861omitted. 862 863`--date=unix` shows the date as a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds since 8641970). As with `--raw`, this is always in UTC and therefore `-local` 865has no effect. 866 867`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`, 868except for %z and %Z, which are handled internally. 869Use `--date=format:%c` to show the date in your system locale's 870preferred format. See the `strftime` manual for a complete list of 871format placeholders. When using `-local`, the correct syntax is 872`--date=format-local:...`. 873 874`--date=default` is the default format, and is similar to 875`--date=rfc2822`, with a few exceptions: 876-- 877 - there is no comma after the day-of-week 878 879 - the time zone is omitted when the local time zone is used 880 881ifdef::git-rev-list[] 882--header:: 883 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is 884 separated with a NUL character. 885endif::git-rev-list[] 886 887--parents:: 888 Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent..."). 889 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' above. 890 891--children:: 892 Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child..."). 893 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' above. 894 895ifdef::git-rev-list[] 896--timestamp:: 897 Print the raw commit timestamp. 898endif::git-rev-list[] 899 900--left-right:: 901 Mark which side of a symmetric difference a commit is reachable from. 902 Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from 903 the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those 904 commits are prefixed with `-`. 905+ 906For example, if you have this topology: 907+ 908----------------------------------------------------------------------- 909 y---b---b branch B 910 / \ / 911 / . 912 / / \ 913 o---x---a---a branch A 914----------------------------------------------------------------------- 915+ 916you would get an output like this: 917+ 918----------------------------------------------------------------------- 919 $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B 920 921 >bbbbbbb... 3rd on b 922 >bbbbbbb... 2nd on b 923 <aaaaaaa... 3rd on a 924 <aaaaaaa... 2nd on a 925 -yyyyyyy... 1st on b 926 -xxxxxxx... 1st on a 927----------------------------------------------------------------------- 928 929--graph:: 930 Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history 931 on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines 932 to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history 933 to be drawn properly. 934 Cannot be combined with `--no-walk`. 935+ 936This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' above. 937+ 938This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the 939`--date-order` option may also be specified. 940 941--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]:: 942 When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened 943 which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits 944 do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier 945 in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it 946 is the string that will be shown instead of the default one. 947 948ifdef::git-rev-list[] 949--count:: 950 Print a number stating how many commits would have been 951 listed, and suppress all other output. When used together 952 with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and 953 right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with 954 `--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these 955 counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated 956 by a tab. 957endif::git-rev-list[] 958 959ifndef::git-rev-list[] 960Diff Formatting 961~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 962 963Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output. 964Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff 965options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. 966 967-c:: 968 With this option, diff output for a merge commit 969 shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result 970 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent 971 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files 972 which were modified from all parents. 973 974--cc:: 975 This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the 976 patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in 977 the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks 978 one of them without modification. 979 980--combined-all-paths:: 981 This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to 982 list the name of the file from all parents. It thus only has 983 effect when -c or --cc are specified, and is likely only 984 useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. when either 985 rename or copy detection have been requested). 986 987-m:: 988 This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like 989 regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry 990 and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against 991 the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given; 992 in that case, the output represents the changes the merge 993 brought _into_ the then-current branch. 994 995-r:: 996 Show recursive diffs. 997 998-t:: 999 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`.1000endif::git-rev-list[]