Andrew's git - gitweb.git/blob

   1#include "../git-compat-util.h"
   2#include "win32.h"
   3#include <conio.h>
   4#include <wchar.h>
   5#include "../strbuf.h"
   6#include "../run-command.h"
   7#include "../cache.h"
   8
   9#define HCAST(type, handle) ((type)(intptr_t)handle)
  10
  11static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
  12
  13int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
  14{
  15        int error = ENOSYS;
  16        switch(winerr) {
  17        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
  18        case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
  19        case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
  20        case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
  21        case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  22        case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
  23        case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
  24        case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
  25        case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
  26        case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  27        case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  28        case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
  29        case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
  30        case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  31        case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
  32        case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  33        case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  34        case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  35        case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
  36        case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
  37        case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
  38        case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
  39        case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
  40        case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
  41        case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
  42        case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
  43        case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
  44        case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
  45        case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
  46        case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
  47        case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
  48        case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
  49        case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  50        case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  51        case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
  52        case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  53        case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  54        case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  55        case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
  56        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
  57        case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
  58        case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  59        case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
  60        case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
  61        case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  62        case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
  63        case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
  64        case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
  65        case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  66        case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
  67        case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
  68        case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
  69        case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
  70        case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  71        case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
  72        case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
  73        case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
  74        case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
  75        case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
  76        case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
  77        case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
  78        case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
  79        case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
  80        case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  81        case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
  82        case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
  83        case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
  84        case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
  85        case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  86        case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
  87        case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  88        case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
  89        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
  90        case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
  91        case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
  92        case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  93        case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
  94        case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
  95        case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
  96        case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
  97        case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
  98        case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
  99        case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
 100        case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
 101        case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 102        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
 103        case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 104        case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 105        case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
 106        case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 107        case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
 108        case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 109        case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
 110        case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
 111        case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
 112        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
 113        case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
 114        case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
 115        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
 116        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
 117        case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
 118        case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
 119        case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
 120        case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 121        case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
 122        }
 123        return error;
 124}
 125
 126static inline int is_file_in_use_error(DWORD errcode)
 127{
 128        switch (errcode) {
 129        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 130        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 131                return 1;
 132        }
 133
 134        return 0;
 135}
 136
 137static int read_yes_no_answer(void)
 138{
 139        char answer[1024];
 140
 141        if (fgets(answer, sizeof(answer), stdin)) {
 142                size_t answer_len = strlen(answer);
 143                int got_full_line = 0, c;
 144
 145                /* remove the newline */
 146                if (answer_len >= 2 && answer[answer_len-2] == '\r') {
 147                        answer[answer_len-2] = '\0';
 148                        got_full_line = 1;
 149                } else if (answer_len >= 1 && answer[answer_len-1] == '\n') {
 150                        answer[answer_len-1] = '\0';
 151                        got_full_line = 1;
 152                }
 153                /* flush the buffer in case we did not get the full line */
 154                if (!got_full_line)
 155                        while ((c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n')
 156                                ;
 157        } else
 158                /* we could not read, return the
 159                 * default answer which is no */
 160                return 0;
 161
 162        if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'y' && !answer[1])
 163                return 1;
 164        if (!strncasecmp(answer, "yes", sizeof(answer)))
 165                return 1;
 166        if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'n' && !answer[1])
 167                return 0;
 168        if (!strncasecmp(answer, "no", sizeof(answer)))
 169                return 0;
 170
 171        /* did not find an answer we understand */
 172        return -1;
 173}
 174
 175static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
 176{
 177        char question[4096];
 178        const char *retry_hook[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 179        va_list args;
 180
 181        va_start(args, format);
 182        vsnprintf(question, sizeof(question), format, args);
 183        va_end(args);
 184
 185        if ((retry_hook[0] = mingw_getenv("GIT_ASK_YESNO"))) {
 186                retry_hook[1] = question;
 187                return !run_command_v_opt(retry_hook, 0);
 188        }
 189
 190        if (!isatty(_fileno(stdin)) || !isatty(_fileno(stderr)))
 191                return 0;
 192
 193        while (1) {
 194                int answer;
 195                fprintf(stderr, "%s (y/n) ", question);
 196
 197                if ((answer = read_yes_no_answer()) >= 0)
 198                        return answer;
 199
 200                fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, I did not understand your answer. "
 201                                "Please type 'y' or 'n'\n");
 202        }
 203}
 204
 205/* Normalizes NT paths as returned by some low-level APIs. */
 206static wchar_t *normalize_ntpath(wchar_t *wbuf)
 207{
 208        int i;
 209        /* fix absolute path prefixes */
 210        if (wbuf[0] == '\\') {
 211                /* strip NT namespace prefixes */
 212                if (!wcsncmp(wbuf, L"\\??\\", 4) ||
 213                    !wcsncmp(wbuf, L"\\\\?\\", 4))
 214                        wbuf += 4;
 215                else if (!wcsnicmp(wbuf, L"\\DosDevices\\", 12))
 216                        wbuf += 12;
 217                /* replace remaining '...UNC\' with '\\' */
 218                if (!wcsnicmp(wbuf, L"UNC\\", 4)) {
 219                        wbuf += 2;
 220                        *wbuf = '\\';
 221                }
 222        }
 223        /* convert backslashes to slashes */
 224        for (i = 0; wbuf[i]; i++)
 225                if (wbuf[i] == '\\')
 226                        wbuf[i] = '/';
 227        return wbuf;
 228}
 229
 230int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 231{
 232        int ret, tries = 0;
 233        wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 234        if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 235                return -1;
 236
 237        /* read-only files cannot be removed */
 238        _wchmod(wpathname, 0666);
 239        while ((ret = _wunlink(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 240                if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 241                        break;
 242                /*
 243                 * We assume that some other process had the source or
 244                 * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 245                 * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 246                 * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 247                 * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 248                 */
 249                Sleep(delay[tries]);
 250                tries++;
 251        }
 252        while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 253               ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
 254                        "Should I try again?", pathname))
 255               ret = _wunlink(wpathname);
 256        return ret;
 257}
 258
 259static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 260{
 261        WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 262        HANDLE handle;
 263        wchar_t wbuf[MAX_PATH + 2];
 264        wcscpy(wbuf, wpath);
 265        wcscat(wbuf, L"\\*");
 266        handle = FindFirstFileW(wbuf, &findbuf);
 267        if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 268                return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 269
 270        while (!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".") ||
 271                        !wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".."))
 272                if (!FindNextFileW(handle, &findbuf)) {
 273                        DWORD err = GetLastError();
 274                        FindClose(handle);
 275                        return err == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 276                }
 277        FindClose(handle);
 278        return 0;
 279}
 280
 281int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 282{
 283        int ret, tries = 0;
 284        wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 285        if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 286                return -1;
 287
 288        while ((ret = _wrmdir(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 289                if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 290                        errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 291                if (errno != EACCES)
 292                        break;
 293                if (!is_dir_empty(wpathname)) {
 294                        errno = ENOTEMPTY;
 295                        break;
 296                }
 297                /*
 298                 * We assume that some other process had the source or
 299                 * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 300                 * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 301                 * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 302                 * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 303                 */
 304                Sleep(delay[tries]);
 305                tries++;
 306        }
 307        while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 308               ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 309                        "Should I try again?", pathname))
 310               ret = _wrmdir(wpathname);
 311        return ret;
 312}
 313
 314static inline int needs_hiding(const char *path)
 315{
 316        const char *basename;
 317
 318        if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE)
 319                return 0;
 320
 321        /* We cannot use basename(), as it would remove trailing slashes */
 322        mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix((char **)&path);
 323        if (!*path)
 324                return 0;
 325
 326        for (basename = path; *path; path++)
 327                if (is_dir_sep(*path)) {
 328                        do {
 329                                path++;
 330                        } while (is_dir_sep(*path));
 331                        /* ignore trailing slashes */
 332                        if (*path)
 333                                basename = path;
 334                }
 335
 336        if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE)
 337                return *basename == '.';
 338
 339        assert(hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY);
 340        return !strncasecmp(".git", basename, 4) &&
 341                (!basename[4] || is_dir_sep(basename[4]));
 342}
 343
 344static int set_hidden_flag(const wchar_t *path, int set)
 345{
 346        DWORD original = GetFileAttributesW(path), modified;
 347        if (set)
 348                modified = original | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
 349        else
 350                modified = original & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
 351        if (original == modified || SetFileAttributesW(path, modified))
 352                return 0;
 353        errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 354        return -1;
 355}
 356
 357int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
 358{
 359        int ret;
 360        wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
 361        if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
 362                return -1;
 363        ret = _wmkdir(wpath);
 364        if (!ret && needs_hiding(path))
 365                return set_hidden_flag(wpath, 1);
 366        return ret;
 367}
 368
 369/*
 370 * Calling CreateFile() using FILE_APPEND_DATA and without FILE_WRITE_DATA
 371 * is documented in [1] as opening a writable file handle in append mode.
 372 * (It is believed that) this is atomic since it is maintained by the
 373 * kernel unlike the O_APPEND flag which is racily maintained by the CRT.
 374 *
 375 * [1] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/fileio/file-access-rights-constants
 376 *
 377 * This trick does not appear to work for named pipes.  Instead it creates
 378 * a named pipe client handle that cannot be written to.  Callers should
 379 * just use the regular _wopen() for them.  (And since client handle gets
 380 * bound to a unique server handle, it isn't really an issue.)
 381 */
 382static int mingw_open_append(wchar_t const *wfilename, int oflags, ...)
 383{
 384        HANDLE handle;
 385        int fd;
 386        DWORD create = (oflags & O_CREAT) ? OPEN_ALWAYS : OPEN_EXISTING;
 387
 388        /* only these flags are supported */
 389        if ((oflags & ~O_CREAT) != (O_WRONLY | O_APPEND))
 390                return errno = ENOSYS, -1;
 391
 392        /*
 393         * FILE_SHARE_WRITE is required to permit child processes
 394         * to append to the file.
 395         */
 396        handle = CreateFileW(wfilename, FILE_APPEND_DATA,
 397                        FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
 398                        NULL, create, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 399        if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 400                return errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError()), -1;
 401
 402        /*
 403         * No O_APPEND here, because the CRT uses it only to reset the
 404         * file pointer to EOF before each write(); but that is not
 405         * necessary (and may lead to races) for a file created with
 406         * FILE_APPEND_DATA.
 407         */
 408        fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)handle, O_BINARY);
 409        if (fd < 0)
 410                CloseHandle(handle);
 411        return fd;
 412}
 413
 414/*
 415 * Does the pathname map to the local named pipe filesystem?
 416 * That is, does it have a "//./pipe/" prefix?
 417 */
 418static int is_local_named_pipe_path(const char *filename)
 419{
 420        return (is_dir_sep(filename[0]) &&
 421                is_dir_sep(filename[1]) &&
 422                filename[2] == '.'  &&
 423                is_dir_sep(filename[3]) &&
 424                !strncasecmp(filename+4, "pipe", 4) &&
 425                is_dir_sep(filename[8]) &&
 426                filename[9]);
 427}
 428
 429int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 430{
 431        typedef int (*open_fn_t)(wchar_t const *wfilename, int oflags, ...);
 432        va_list args;
 433        unsigned mode;
 434        int fd;
 435        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 436        open_fn_t open_fn;
 437
 438        va_start(args, oflags);
 439        mode = va_arg(args, int);
 440        va_end(args);
 441
 442        if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 443                filename = "nul";
 444
 445        if ((oflags & O_APPEND) && !is_local_named_pipe_path(filename))
 446                open_fn = mingw_open_append;
 447        else
 448                open_fn = _wopen;
 449
 450        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 451                return -1;
 452        fd = open_fn(wfilename, oflags, mode);
 453
 454        if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY && errno == EACCES) {
 455                DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 456                if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 457                        errno = EISDIR;
 458        }
 459        if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && needs_hiding(filename)) {
 460                /*
 461                 * Internally, _wopen() uses the CreateFile() API which errors
 462                 * out with an ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED if CREATE_ALWAYS was
 463                 * specified and an already existing file's attributes do not
 464                 * match *exactly*. As there is no mode or flag we can set that
 465                 * would correspond to FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN, let's just try
 466                 * again *without* the O_CREAT flag (that corresponds to the
 467                 * CREATE_ALWAYS flag of CreateFile()).
 468                 */
 469                if (fd < 0 && errno == EACCES)
 470                        fd = open_fn(wfilename, oflags & ~O_CREAT, mode);
 471                if (fd >= 0 && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 472                        warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 473        }
 474        return fd;
 475}
 476
 477static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
 478{
 479        return TRUE;
 480}
 481
 482#undef fgetc
 483int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
 484{
 485        int ch;
 486        if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
 487                return fgetc(stream);
 488
 489        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
 490        while (1) {
 491                ch = fgetc(stream);
 492                if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
 493                        break;
 494
 495                /* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
 496                mingw_raise(SIGINT);
 497        }
 498        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
 499        return ch;
 500}
 501
 502#undef fopen
 503FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 504{
 505        int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 506        FILE *file;
 507        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 508        if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 509                filename = "nul";
 510        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 511                xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 512                return NULL;
 513        if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
 514                error("could not unhide %s", filename);
 515                return NULL;
 516        }
 517        file = _wfopen(wfilename, wotype);
 518        if (!file && GetLastError() == ERROR_INVALID_NAME)
 519                errno = ENOENT;
 520        if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 521                warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 522        return file;
 523}
 524
 525FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 526{
 527        int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 528        FILE *file;
 529        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 530        if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 531                filename = "nul";
 532        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 533                xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 534                return NULL;
 535        if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
 536                error("could not unhide %s", filename);
 537                return NULL;
 538        }
 539        file = _wfreopen(wfilename, wotype, stream);
 540        if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 541                warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 542        return file;
 543}
 544
 545#undef fflush
 546int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
 547{
 548        int ret = fflush(stream);
 549
 550        /*
 551         * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
 552         * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
 553         * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
 554         * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
 555         * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
 556         * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
 557         * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
 558         * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
 559         * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
 560         */
 561        if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
 562                errno = EPIPE;
 563
 564        return ret;
 565}
 566
 567#undef write
 568ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 569{
 570        ssize_t result = write(fd, buf, len);
 571
 572        if (result < 0 && errno == EINVAL && buf) {
 573                /* check if fd is a pipe */
 574                HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
 575                if (GetFileType(h) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE)
 576                        errno = EPIPE;
 577                else
 578                        errno = EINVAL;
 579        }
 580
 581        return result;
 582}
 583
 584int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode)
 585{
 586        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 587        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 588                return -1;
 589        /* X_OK is not supported by the MSVCRT version */
 590        return _waccess(wfilename, mode & ~X_OK);
 591}
 592
 593int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
 594{
 595        wchar_t wdirname[MAX_PATH];
 596        if (xutftowcs_path(wdirname, dirname) < 0)
 597                return -1;
 598        return _wchdir(wdirname);
 599}
 600
 601int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode)
 602{
 603        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 604        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 605                return -1;
 606        return _wchmod(wfilename, mode);
 607}
 608
 609/*
 610 * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
 611 * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
 612 */
 613static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
 614{
 615        long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
 616        /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
 617        return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
 618}
 619
 620static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
 621{
 622        return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
 623}
 624
 625/**
 626 * Verifies that safe_create_leading_directories() would succeed.
 627 */
 628static int has_valid_directory_prefix(wchar_t *wfilename)
 629{
 630        int n = wcslen(wfilename);
 631
 632        while (n > 0) {
 633                wchar_t c = wfilename[--n];
 634                DWORD attributes;
 635
 636                if (!is_dir_sep(c))
 637                        continue;
 638
 639                wfilename[n] = L'\0';
 640                attributes = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 641                wfilename[n] = c;
 642                if (attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ||
 643                                attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)
 644                        return 1;
 645                if (attributes == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
 646                        switch (GetLastError()) {
 647                        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
 648                                continue;
 649                        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
 650                                /* This implies parent directory exists. */
 651                                return 1;
 652                        }
 653                return 0;
 654        }
 655        return 1;
 656}
 657
 658/* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
 659 * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
 660 * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
 661 *
 662 * If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
 663 * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
 664 */
 665static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 666{
 667        WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
 668        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 669        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 670                return -1;
 671
 672        if (GetFileAttributesExW(wfilename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fdata)) {
 673                buf->st_ino = 0;
 674                buf->st_gid = 0;
 675                buf->st_uid = 0;
 676                buf->st_nlink = 1;
 677                buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 678                buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 679                        (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 680                buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 681                buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 682                buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 683                buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 684                if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
 685                        WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 686                        HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wfilename, &findbuf);
 687                        if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 688                                if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
 689                                                (findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
 690                                        if (follow) {
 691                                                char buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
 692                                                buf->st_size = readlink(file_name, buffer, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 693                                        } else {
 694                                                buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK;
 695                                        }
 696                                        buf->st_mode |= S_IREAD;
 697                                        if (!(findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
 698                                                buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
 699                                }
 700                                FindClose(handle);
 701                        }
 702                }
 703                return 0;
 704        }
 705        switch (GetLastError()) {
 706        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 707        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 708        case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
 709        case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
 710                errno = EACCES;
 711                break;
 712        case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
 713                errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 714                break;
 715        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
 716                errno = ENOMEM;
 717                break;
 718        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
 719                if (!has_valid_directory_prefix(wfilename)) {
 720                        errno = ENOTDIR;
 721                        break;
 722                }
 723                /* fallthru */
 724        default:
 725                errno = ENOENT;
 726                break;
 727        }
 728        return -1;
 729}
 730
 731/* We provide our own lstat/fstat functions, since the provided
 732 * lstat/fstat functions are so slow. These stat functions are
 733 * tailored for Git's usage (read: fast), and are not meant to be
 734 * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
 735 * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
 736 */
 737static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 738{
 739        int namelen;
 740        char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 741
 742        if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 743                return 0;
 744
 745        /* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
 746         * try again without trailing slashes
 747         */
 748        if (errno != ENOENT)
 749                return -1;
 750
 751        namelen = strlen(file_name);
 752        if (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] != '/')
 753                return -1;
 754        while (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] == '/')
 755                --namelen;
 756        if (!namelen || namelen >= PATH_MAX)
 757                return -1;
 758
 759        memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
 760        alt_name[namelen] = 0;
 761        return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
 762}
 763
 764int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 765{
 766        return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
 767}
 768int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 769{
 770        return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 771}
 772
 773int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 774{
 775        HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
 776        BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
 777
 778        if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 779                errno = EBADF;
 780                return -1;
 781        }
 782        /* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
 783        if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK)
 784                return _fstati64(fd, buf);
 785
 786        if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
 787                buf->st_ino = 0;
 788                buf->st_gid = 0;
 789                buf->st_uid = 0;
 790                buf->st_nlink = 1;
 791                buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 792                buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 793                        (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 794                buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 795                buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 796                buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 797                buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 798                return 0;
 799        }
 800        errno = EBADF;
 801        return -1;
 802}
 803
 804static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
 805{
 806        long long winTime = t * 10000000LL + 116444736000000000LL;
 807        ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
 808        ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
 809}
 810
 811int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 812{
 813        FILETIME mft, aft;
 814        int fh, rc;
 815        DWORD attrs;
 816        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 817        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 818                return -1;
 819
 820        /* must have write permission */
 821        attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 822        if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 823            (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 824                /* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
 825                SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
 826        }
 827
 828        if ((fh = _wopen(wfilename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 829                rc = -1;
 830                goto revert_attrs;
 831        }
 832
 833        if (times) {
 834                time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
 835                time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
 836        } else {
 837                GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&mft);
 838                aft = mft;
 839        }
 840        if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
 841                errno = EINVAL;
 842                rc = -1;
 843        } else
 844                rc = 0;
 845        close(fh);
 846
 847revert_attrs:
 848        if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 849            (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 850                /* ignore errors again */
 851                SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs);
 852        }
 853        return rc;
 854}
 855
 856#undef strftime
 857size_t mingw_strftime(char *s, size_t max,
 858                      const char *format, const struct tm *tm)
 859{
 860        size_t ret = strftime(s, max, format, tm);
 861
 862        if (!ret && errno == EINVAL)
 863                die("invalid strftime format: '%s'", format);
 864        return ret;
 865}
 866
 867unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 868{
 869        Sleep(seconds*1000);
 870        return 0;
 871}
 872
 873char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
 874{
 875        wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
 876        if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
 877                return NULL;
 878        if (!_wmktemp(wtemplate))
 879                return NULL;
 880        if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
 881                return NULL;
 882        return template;
 883}
 884
 885int mkstemp(char *template)
 886{
 887        char *filename = mktemp(template);
 888        if (filename == NULL)
 889                return -1;
 890        return open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
 891}
 892
 893int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz)
 894{
 895        FILETIME ft;
 896        long long hnsec;
 897
 898        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
 899        hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
 900        tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
 901        tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
 902        return 0;
 903}
 904
 905int pipe(int filedes[2])
 906{
 907        HANDLE h[2];
 908
 909        /* this creates non-inheritable handles */
 910        if (!CreatePipe(&h[0], &h[1], NULL, 8192)) {
 911                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 912                return -1;
 913        }
 914        filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[0]), O_NOINHERIT);
 915        if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 916                CloseHandle(h[0]);
 917                CloseHandle(h[1]);
 918                return -1;
 919        }
 920        filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[1]), O_NOINHERIT);
 921        if (filedes[1] < 0) {
 922                close(filedes[0]);
 923                CloseHandle(h[1]);
 924                return -1;
 925        }
 926        return 0;
 927}
 928
 929struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 930{
 931        /* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 932        memcpy(result, gmtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 933        return result;
 934}
 935
 936struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 937{
 938        /* localtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 939        memcpy(result, localtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 940        return result;
 941}
 942
 943char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
 944{
 945        wchar_t cwd[MAX_PATH], wpointer[MAX_PATH];
 946        DWORD ret = GetCurrentDirectoryW(ARRAY_SIZE(cwd), cwd);
 947
 948        if (!ret || ret >= ARRAY_SIZE(cwd)) {
 949                errno = ret ? ENAMETOOLONG : err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 950                return NULL;
 951        }
 952        ret = GetLongPathNameW(cwd, wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer));
 953        if (!ret && GetLastError() == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
 954                HANDLE hnd = CreateFileW(cwd, 0,
 955                        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, NULL,
 956                        OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
 957                if (hnd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 958                        return NULL;
 959                ret = GetFinalPathNameByHandleW(hnd, wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer), 0);
 960                CloseHandle(hnd);
 961                if (!ret || ret >= ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer))
 962                        return NULL;
 963                if (xwcstoutf(pointer, normalize_ntpath(wpointer), len) < 0)
 964                        return NULL;
 965                return pointer;
 966        }
 967        if (!ret || ret >= ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer))
 968                return NULL;
 969        if (xwcstoutf(pointer, wpointer, len) < 0)
 970                return NULL;
 971        convert_slashes(pointer);
 972        return pointer;
 973}
 974
 975/*
 976 * See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft(vs.71).aspx
 977 * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
 978 */
 979static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
 980{
 981        /* count chars to quote */
 982        int len = 0, n = 0;
 983        int force_quotes = 0;
 984        char *q, *d;
 985        const char *p = arg;
 986        if (!*p) force_quotes = 1;
 987        while (*p) {
 988                if (isspace(*p) || *p == '*' || *p == '?' || *p == '{' || *p == '\'')
 989                        force_quotes = 1;
 990                else if (*p == '"')
 991                        n++;
 992                else if (*p == '\\') {
 993                        int count = 0;
 994                        while (*p == '\\') {
 995                                count++;
 996                                p++;
 997                                len++;
 998                        }
 999                        if (*p == '"')
1000                                n += count*2 + 1;
1001                        continue;
1002                }
1003                len++;
1004                p++;
1005        }
1006        if (!force_quotes && n == 0)
1007                return arg;
1008
1009        /* insert \ where necessary */
1010        d = q = xmalloc(st_add3(len, n, 3));
1011        *d++ = '"';
1012        while (*arg) {
1013                if (*arg == '"')
1014                        *d++ = '\\';
1015                else if (*arg == '\\') {
1016                        int count = 0;
1017                        while (*arg == '\\') {
1018                                count++;
1019                                *d++ = *arg++;
1020                        }
1021                        if (*arg == '"') {
1022                                while (count-- > 0)
1023                                        *d++ = '\\';
1024                                *d++ = '\\';
1025                        }
1026                }
1027                *d++ = *arg++;
1028        }
1029        *d++ = '"';
1030        *d++ = 0;
1031        return q;
1032}
1033
1034static const char *parse_interpreter(const char *cmd)
1035{
1036        static char buf[100];
1037        char *p, *opt;
1038        int n, fd;
1039
1040        /* don't even try a .exe */
1041        n = strlen(cmd);
1042        if (n >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+n-4, ".exe"))
1043                return NULL;
1044
1045        fd = open(cmd, O_RDONLY);
1046        if (fd < 0)
1047                return NULL;
1048        n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
1049        close(fd);
1050        if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
1051                return NULL;
1052
1053        if (buf[0] != '#' || buf[1] != '!')
1054                return NULL;
1055        buf[n] = '\0';
1056        p = buf + strcspn(buf, "\r\n");
1057        if (!*p)
1058                return NULL;
1059
1060        *p = '\0';
1061        if (!(p = strrchr(buf+2, '/')) && !(p = strrchr(buf+2, '\\')))
1062                return NULL;
1063        /* strip options */
1064        if ((opt = strchr(p+1, ' ')))
1065                *opt = '\0';
1066        return p+1;
1067}
1068
1069/*
1070 * exe_only means that we only want to detect .exe files, but not scripts
1071 * (which do not have an extension)
1072 */
1073static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, int dirlen, const char *cmd,
1074                         int isexe, int exe_only)
1075{
1076        char path[MAX_PATH];
1077        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%.*s\\%s.exe", dirlen, dir, cmd);
1078
1079        if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
1080                return xstrdup(path);
1081        path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
1082        if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
1083                if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
1084                        return xstrdup(path);
1085        return NULL;
1086}
1087
1088/*
1089 * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the split path in path.
1090 * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
1091 */
1092static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, int exe_only)
1093{
1094        const char *path;
1095        char *prog = NULL;
1096        int len = strlen(cmd);
1097        int isexe = len >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+len-4, ".exe");
1098
1099        if (strchr(cmd, '/') || strchr(cmd, '\\'))
1100                return xstrdup(cmd);
1101
1102        path = mingw_getenv("PATH");
1103        if (!path)
1104                return NULL;
1105
1106        while (!prog) {
1107                const char *sep = strchrnul(path, ';');
1108                int dirlen = sep - path;
1109                if (dirlen)
1110                        prog = lookup_prog(path, dirlen, cmd, isexe, exe_only);
1111                if (!*sep)
1112                        break;
1113                path = sep + 1;
1114        }
1115
1116        return prog;
1117}
1118
1119static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old);
1120
1121/* used number of elements of environ array, including terminating NULL */
1122static int environ_size = 0;
1123/* allocated size of environ array, in bytes */
1124static int environ_alloc = 0;
1125
1126/*
1127 * Create environment block suitable for CreateProcess. Merges current
1128 * process environment and the supplied environment changes.
1129 */
1130static wchar_t *make_environment_block(char **deltaenv)
1131{
1132        wchar_t *wenvblk = NULL;
1133        char **tmpenv;
1134        int i = 0, size = environ_size, wenvsz = 0, wenvpos = 0;
1135
1136        while (deltaenv && deltaenv[i])
1137                i++;
1138
1139        /* copy the environment, leaving space for changes */
1140        ALLOC_ARRAY(tmpenv, size + i);
1141        memcpy(tmpenv, environ, size * sizeof(char*));
1142
1143        /* merge supplied environment changes into the temporary environment */
1144        for (i = 0; deltaenv && deltaenv[i]; i++)
1145                size = do_putenv(tmpenv, deltaenv[i], size, 0);
1146
1147        /* create environment block from temporary environment */
1148        for (i = 0; tmpenv[i]; i++) {
1149                size = 2 * strlen(tmpenv[i]) + 2; /* +2 for final \0 */
1150                ALLOC_GROW(wenvblk, (wenvpos + size) * sizeof(wchar_t), wenvsz);
1151                wenvpos += xutftowcs(&wenvblk[wenvpos], tmpenv[i], size) + 1;
1152        }
1153        /* add final \0 terminator */
1154        wenvblk[wenvpos] = 0;
1155        free(tmpenv);
1156        return wenvblk;
1157}
1158
1159struct pinfo_t {
1160        struct pinfo_t *next;
1161        pid_t pid;
1162        HANDLE proc;
1163};
1164static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
1165CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
1166
1167static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
1168                              const char *dir,
1169                              int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
1170{
1171        STARTUPINFOW si;
1172        PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
1173        struct strbuf args;
1174        wchar_t wcmd[MAX_PATH], wdir[MAX_PATH], *wargs, *wenvblk = NULL;
1175        unsigned flags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
1176        BOOL ret;
1177
1178        /* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
1179        HANDLE cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
1180                        FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
1181                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
1182        if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
1183                /* There is no console associated with this process.
1184                 * Since the child is a console process, Windows
1185                 * would normally create a console window. But
1186                 * since we'll be redirecting std streams, we do
1187                 * not need the console.
1188                 * It is necessary to use DETACHED_PROCESS
1189                 * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
1190                 * recognize that it has no console.
1191                 */
1192                flags |= DETACHED_PROCESS;
1193        } else {
1194                /* There is already a console. If we specified
1195                 * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
1196                 * disassociate the child from the console.
1197                 * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
1198                 * Go figure!
1199                 */
1200                CloseHandle(cons);
1201        }
1202        memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
1203        si.cb = sizeof(si);
1204        si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
1205        si.hStdInput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhin);
1206        si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
1207        si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
1208
1209        if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
1210                return -1;
1211        if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
1212                return -1;
1213
1214        /* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
1215        strbuf_init(&args, 0);
1216        if (prepend_cmd) {
1217                char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(cmd);
1218                strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1219                if (quoted != cmd)
1220                        free(quoted);
1221        }
1222        for (; *argv; argv++) {
1223                char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(*argv);
1224                if (*args.buf)
1225                        strbuf_addch(&args, ' ');
1226                strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1227                if (quoted != *argv)
1228                        free(quoted);
1229        }
1230
1231        ALLOC_ARRAY(wargs, st_add(st_mult(2, args.len), 1));
1232        xutftowcs(wargs, args.buf, 2 * args.len + 1);
1233        strbuf_release(&args);
1234
1235        wenvblk = make_environment_block(deltaenv);
1236
1237        memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
1238        ret = CreateProcessW(wcmd, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
1239                wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
1240
1241        free(wenvblk);
1242        free(wargs);
1243
1244        if (!ret) {
1245                errno = ENOENT;
1246                return -1;
1247        }
1248        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
1249
1250        /*
1251         * The process ID is the human-readable identifier of the process
1252         * that we want to present in log and error messages. The handle
1253         * is not useful for this purpose. But we cannot close it, either,
1254         * because it is not possible to turn a process ID into a process
1255         * handle after the process terminated.
1256         * Keep the handle in a list for waitpid.
1257         */
1258        EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1259        {
1260                struct pinfo_t *info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pinfo_t));
1261                info->pid = pi.dwProcessId;
1262                info->proc = pi.hProcess;
1263                info->next = pinfo;
1264                pinfo = info;
1265        }
1266        LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1267
1268        return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
1269}
1270
1271static pid_t mingw_spawnv(const char *cmd, const char **argv, int prepend_cmd)
1272{
1273        return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, NULL, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
1274}
1275
1276pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
1277                     const char *dir,
1278                     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
1279{
1280        pid_t pid;
1281        char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, 0);
1282
1283        if (!prog) {
1284                errno = ENOENT;
1285                pid = -1;
1286        }
1287        else {
1288                const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(prog);
1289
1290                if (interpr) {
1291                        const char *argv0 = argv[0];
1292                        char *iprog = path_lookup(interpr, 1);
1293                        argv[0] = prog;
1294                        if (!iprog) {
1295                                errno = ENOENT;
1296                                pid = -1;
1297                        }
1298                        else {
1299                                pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 1,
1300                                                       fhin, fhout, fherr);
1301                                free(iprog);
1302                        }
1303                        argv[0] = argv0;
1304                }
1305                else
1306                        pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 0,
1307                                               fhin, fhout, fherr);
1308                free(prog);
1309        }
1310        return pid;
1311}
1312
1313static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1314{
1315        const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
1316        char *prog;
1317        int pid = 0;
1318
1319        if (!interpr)
1320                return 0;
1321        prog = path_lookup(interpr, 1);
1322        if (prog) {
1323                int argc = 0;
1324                const char **argv2;
1325                while (argv[argc]) argc++;
1326                ALLOC_ARRAY(argv2, argc + 1);
1327                argv2[0] = (char *)cmd; /* full path to the script file */
1328                memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
1329                pid = mingw_spawnv(prog, argv2, 1);
1330                if (pid >= 0) {
1331                        int status;
1332                        if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1333                                status = 255;
1334                        exit(status);
1335                }
1336                pid = 1;        /* indicate that we tried but failed */
1337                free(prog);
1338                free(argv2);
1339        }
1340        return pid;
1341}
1342
1343int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1344{
1345        /* check if git_command is a shell script */
1346        if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv)) {
1347                int pid, status;
1348
1349                pid = mingw_spawnv(cmd, (const char **)argv, 0);
1350                if (pid < 0)
1351                        return -1;
1352                if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1353                        status = 255;
1354                exit(status);
1355        }
1356        return -1;
1357}
1358
1359int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1360{
1361        char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, 0);
1362
1363        if (prog) {
1364                mingw_execv(prog, argv);
1365                free(prog);
1366        } else
1367                errno = ENOENT;
1368
1369        return -1;
1370}
1371
1372int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
1373{
1374        if (pid > 0 && sig == SIGTERM) {
1375                HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
1376
1377                if (TerminateProcess(h, -1)) {
1378                        CloseHandle(h);
1379                        return 0;
1380                }
1381
1382                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1383                CloseHandle(h);
1384                return -1;
1385        } else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
1386                HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
1387                if (h) {
1388                        CloseHandle(h);
1389                        return 0;
1390                }
1391        }
1392
1393        errno = EINVAL;
1394        return -1;
1395}
1396
1397/*
1398 * Compare environment entries by key (i.e. stopping at '=' or '\0').
1399 */
1400static int compareenv(const void *v1, const void *v2)
1401{
1402        const char *e1 = *(const char**)v1;
1403        const char *e2 = *(const char**)v2;
1404
1405        for (;;) {
1406                int c1 = *e1++;
1407                int c2 = *e2++;
1408                c1 = (c1 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c1);
1409                c2 = (c2 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c2);
1410                if (c1 > c2)
1411                        return 1;
1412                if (c1 < c2)
1413                        return -1;
1414                if (c1 == 0)
1415                        return 0;
1416        }
1417}
1418
1419static int bsearchenv(char **env, const char *name, size_t size)
1420{
1421        unsigned low = 0, high = size;
1422        while (low < high) {
1423                unsigned mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
1424                int cmp = compareenv(&env[mid], &name);
1425                if (cmp < 0)
1426                        low = mid + 1;
1427                else if (cmp > 0)
1428                        high = mid;
1429                else
1430                        return mid;
1431        }
1432        return ~low; /* not found, return 1's complement of insert position */
1433}
1434
1435/*
1436 * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
1437 * Size includes the terminating NULL. Env must have room for size + 1 entries
1438 * (in case of insert). Returns the new size. Optionally frees removed entries.
1439 */
1440static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old)
1441{
1442        int i = bsearchenv(env, name, size - 1);
1443
1444        /* optionally free removed / replaced entry */
1445        if (i >= 0 && free_old)
1446                free(env[i]);
1447
1448        if (strchr(name, '=')) {
1449                /* if new value ('key=value') is specified, insert or replace entry */
1450                if (i < 0) {
1451                        i = ~i;
1452                        memmove(&env[i + 1], &env[i], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
1453                        size++;
1454                }
1455                env[i] = (char*) name;
1456        } else if (i >= 0) {
1457                /* otherwise ('key') remove existing entry */
1458                size--;
1459                memmove(&env[i], &env[i + 1], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
1460        }
1461        return size;
1462}
1463
1464char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
1465{
1466        char *value;
1467        int pos = bsearchenv(environ, name, environ_size - 1);
1468        if (pos < 0)
1469                return NULL;
1470        value = strchr(environ[pos], '=');
1471        return value ? &value[1] : NULL;
1472}
1473
1474int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
1475{
1476        ALLOC_GROW(environ, (environ_size + 1) * sizeof(char*), environ_alloc);
1477        environ_size = do_putenv(environ, namevalue, environ_size, 1);
1478        return 0;
1479}
1480
1481/*
1482 * Note, this isn't a complete replacement for getaddrinfo. It assumes
1483 * that service contains a numerical port, or that it is null. It
1484 * does a simple search using gethostbyname, and returns one IPv4 host
1485 * if one was found.
1486 */
1487static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
1488                                   const struct addrinfo *hints,
1489                                   struct addrinfo **res)
1490{
1491        struct hostent *h = NULL;
1492        struct addrinfo *ai;
1493        struct sockaddr_in *sin;
1494
1495        if (node) {
1496                h = gethostbyname(node);
1497                if (!h)
1498                        return WSAGetLastError();
1499        }
1500
1501        ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
1502        *res = ai;
1503        ai->ai_flags = 0;
1504        ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
1505        ai->ai_socktype = hints ? hints->ai_socktype : 0;
1506        switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
1507        case SOCK_STREAM:
1508                ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
1509                break;
1510        case SOCK_DGRAM:
1511                ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
1512                break;
1513        default:
1514                ai->ai_protocol = 0;
1515                break;
1516        }
1517        ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1518        if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME))
1519                ai->ai_canonname = h ? xstrdup(h->h_name) : NULL;
1520        else
1521                ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
1522
1523        sin = xcalloc(1, ai->ai_addrlen);
1524        sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
1525        /* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
1526         * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
1527         * currently not implemented */
1528        if (service)
1529                sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
1530        if (h)
1531                sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
1532        else if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE))
1533                sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
1534        else
1535                sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
1536        ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
1537        ai->ai_next = NULL;
1538        return 0;
1539}
1540
1541static void WSAAPI freeaddrinfo_stub(struct addrinfo *res)
1542{
1543        free(res->ai_canonname);
1544        free(res->ai_addr);
1545        free(res);
1546}
1547
1548static int WSAAPI getnameinfo_stub(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1549                                   char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1550                                   char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags)
1551{
1552        const struct sockaddr_in *sin = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
1553        if (sa->sa_family != AF_INET)
1554                return EAI_FAMILY;
1555        if (!host && !serv)
1556                return EAI_NONAME;
1557
1558        if (host && hostlen > 0) {
1559                struct hostent *ent = NULL;
1560                if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICHOST))
1561                        ent = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&sin->sin_addr,
1562                                            sizeof(sin->sin_addr), AF_INET);
1563
1564                if (ent)
1565                        snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", ent->h_name);
1566                else if (flags & NI_NAMEREQD)
1567                        return EAI_NONAME;
1568                else
1569                        snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
1570        }
1571
1572        if (serv && servlen > 0) {
1573                struct servent *ent = NULL;
1574                if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICSERV))
1575                        ent = getservbyport(sin->sin_port,
1576                                            flags & NI_DGRAM ? "udp" : "tcp");
1577
1578                if (ent)
1579                        snprintf(serv, servlen, "%s", ent->s_name);
1580                else
1581                        snprintf(serv, servlen, "%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
1582        }
1583
1584        return 0;
1585}
1586
1587static HMODULE ipv6_dll = NULL;
1588static void (WSAAPI *ipv6_freeaddrinfo)(struct addrinfo *res);
1589static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getaddrinfo)(const char *node, const char *service,
1590                                      const struct addrinfo *hints,
1591                                      struct addrinfo **res);
1592static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getnameinfo)(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1593                                      char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1594                                      char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags);
1595/*
1596 * gai_strerror is an inline function in the ws2tcpip.h header, so we
1597 * don't need to try to load that one dynamically.
1598 */
1599
1600static void socket_cleanup(void)
1601{
1602        WSACleanup();
1603        if (ipv6_dll)
1604                FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1605        ipv6_dll = NULL;
1606        ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1607        ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1608        ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1609}
1610
1611static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
1612{
1613        WSADATA wsa;
1614        static int initialized = 0;
1615        const char *libraries[] = { "ws2_32.dll", "wship6.dll", NULL };
1616        const char **name;
1617
1618        if (initialized)
1619                return;
1620
1621        if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
1622                die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
1623                        WSAGetLastError());
1624
1625        for (name = libraries; *name; name++) {
1626                ipv6_dll = LoadLibrary(*name);
1627                if (!ipv6_dll)
1628                        continue;
1629
1630                ipv6_freeaddrinfo = (void (WSAAPI *)(struct addrinfo *))
1631                        GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "freeaddrinfo");
1632                ipv6_getaddrinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const char *, const char *,
1633                                                   const struct addrinfo *,
1634                                                   struct addrinfo **))
1635                        GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getaddrinfo");
1636                ipv6_getnameinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const struct sockaddr *,
1637                                                   socklen_t, char *, DWORD,
1638                                                   char *, DWORD, int))
1639                        GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getnameinfo");
1640                if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1641                        FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1642                        ipv6_dll = NULL;
1643                } else
1644                        break;
1645        }
1646        if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1647                ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1648                ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1649                ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1650        }
1651
1652        atexit(socket_cleanup);
1653        initialized = 1;
1654}
1655
1656#undef gethostname
1657int mingw_gethostname(char *name, int namelen)
1658{
1659    ensure_socket_initialization();
1660    return gethostname(name, namelen);
1661}
1662
1663#undef gethostbyname
1664struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
1665{
1666        ensure_socket_initialization();
1667        return gethostbyname(host);
1668}
1669
1670void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res)
1671{
1672        ipv6_freeaddrinfo(res);
1673}
1674
1675int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
1676                      const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
1677{
1678        ensure_socket_initialization();
1679        return ipv6_getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
1680}
1681
1682int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1683                      char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
1684                      int flags)
1685{
1686        ensure_socket_initialization();
1687        return ipv6_getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
1688}
1689
1690int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
1691{
1692        int sockfd;
1693        SOCKET s;
1694
1695        ensure_socket_initialization();
1696        s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
1697        if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
1698                /*
1699                 * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
1700                 * biased by WSABASEERR.
1701                 * However, strerror() does not know about networking
1702                 * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
1703                 * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
1704                 * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
1705                 * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
1706                 */
1707                errno = WSAGetLastError();
1708                return -1;
1709        }
1710        /* convert into a file descriptor */
1711        if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1712                closesocket(s);
1713                return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1714                        strerror(errno));
1715        }
1716        return sockfd;
1717}
1718
1719#undef connect
1720int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1721{
1722        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1723        return connect(s, sa, sz);
1724}
1725
1726#undef bind
1727int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1728{
1729        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1730        return bind(s, sa, sz);
1731}
1732
1733#undef setsockopt
1734int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
1735{
1736        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1737        return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
1738}
1739
1740#undef shutdown
1741int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
1742{
1743        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1744        return shutdown(s, how);
1745}
1746
1747#undef listen
1748int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
1749{
1750        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1751        return listen(s, backlog);
1752}
1753
1754#undef accept
1755int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
1756{
1757        int sockfd2;
1758
1759        SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
1760        SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
1761
1762        /* convert into a file descriptor */
1763        if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle(s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1764                int err = errno;
1765                closesocket(s2);
1766                return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1767                        strerror(err));
1768        }
1769        return sockfd2;
1770}
1771
1772#undef rename
1773int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
1774{
1775        DWORD attrs, gle;
1776        int tries = 0;
1777        wchar_t wpold[MAX_PATH], wpnew[MAX_PATH];
1778        if (xutftowcs_path(wpold, pold) < 0 || xutftowcs_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
1779                return -1;
1780
1781        /*
1782         * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
1783         * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
1784         */
1785        if (!_wrename(wpold, wpnew))
1786                return 0;
1787        if (errno != EEXIST)
1788                return -1;
1789repeat:
1790        if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1791                return 0;
1792        /* TODO: translate more errors */
1793        gle = GetLastError();
1794        if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1795            (attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wpnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
1796                if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
1797                        DWORD attrsold = GetFileAttributesW(wpold);
1798                        if (attrsold == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES ||
1799                            !(attrsold & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
1800                                errno = EISDIR;
1801                        else if (!_wrmdir(wpnew))
1802                                goto repeat;
1803                        return -1;
1804                }
1805                if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
1806                    SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
1807                        if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1808                                return 0;
1809                        gle = GetLastError();
1810                        /* revert file attributes on failure */
1811                        SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs);
1812                }
1813        }
1814        if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
1815                /*
1816                 * We assume that some other process had the source or
1817                 * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
1818                 * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
1819                 * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
1820                 * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
1821                 */
1822                Sleep(delay[tries]);
1823                tries++;
1824                goto repeat;
1825        }
1826        if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1827               ask_yes_no_if_possible("Rename from '%s' to '%s' failed. "
1828                       "Should I try again?", pold, pnew))
1829                goto repeat;
1830
1831        errno = EACCES;
1832        return -1;
1833}
1834
1835/*
1836 * Note that this doesn't return the actual pagesize, but
1837 * the allocation granularity. If future Windows specific git code
1838 * needs the real getpagesize function, we need to find another solution.
1839 */
1840int mingw_getpagesize(void)
1841{
1842        SYSTEM_INFO si;
1843        GetSystemInfo(&si);
1844        return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
1845}
1846
1847struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
1848{
1849        static char user_name[100];
1850        static struct passwd p;
1851
1852        DWORD len = sizeof(user_name);
1853        if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len))
1854                return NULL;
1855        p.pw_name = user_name;
1856        p.pw_gecos = "unknown";
1857        p.pw_dir = NULL;
1858        return &p;
1859}
1860
1861static HANDLE timer_event;
1862static HANDLE timer_thread;
1863static int timer_interval;
1864static int one_shot;
1865static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
1866
1867/* The timer works like this:
1868 * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
1869 * only waits to receive the signal to terminate. The main thread tells
1870 * the thread to terminate by setting the timer_event to the signalled
1871 * state.
1872 * But ticktack() interrupts the wait state after the timer's interval
1873 * length to call the signal handler.
1874 */
1875
1876static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
1877{
1878        while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
1879                mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
1880                if (one_shot)
1881                        break;
1882        }
1883        return 0;
1884}
1885
1886static int start_timer_thread(void)
1887{
1888        timer_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
1889        if (timer_event) {
1890                timer_thread = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ticktack, NULL, 0, NULL);
1891                if (!timer_thread )
1892                        return errno = ENOMEM,
1893                                error("cannot start timer thread");
1894        } else
1895                return errno = ENOMEM,
1896                        error("cannot allocate resources for timer");
1897        return 0;
1898}
1899
1900static void stop_timer_thread(void)
1901{
1902        if (timer_event)
1903                SetEvent(timer_event);  /* tell thread to terminate */
1904        if (timer_thread) {
1905                int rc = WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, 1000);
1906                if (rc == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
1907                        error("timer thread did not terminate timely");
1908                else if (rc != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
1909                        error("waiting for timer thread failed: %lu",
1910                              GetLastError());
1911                CloseHandle(timer_thread);
1912        }
1913        if (timer_event)
1914                CloseHandle(timer_event);
1915        timer_event = NULL;
1916        timer_thread = NULL;
1917}
1918
1919static inline int is_timeval_eq(const struct timeval *i1, const struct timeval *i2)
1920{
1921        return i1->tv_sec == i2->tv_sec && i1->tv_usec == i2->tv_usec;
1922}
1923
1924int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out)
1925{
1926        static const struct timeval zero;
1927        static int atexit_done;
1928
1929        if (out != NULL)
1930                return errno = EINVAL,
1931                        error("setitimer param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1932        if (!is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero) &&
1933            !is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &in->it_value))
1934                return errno = EINVAL,
1935                        error("setitimer: it_interval must be zero or eq it_value");
1936
1937        if (timer_thread)
1938                stop_timer_thread();
1939
1940        if (is_timeval_eq(&in->it_value, &zero) &&
1941            is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero))
1942                return 0;
1943
1944        timer_interval = in->it_value.tv_sec * 1000 + in->it_value.tv_usec / 1000;
1945        one_shot = is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero);
1946        if (!atexit_done) {
1947                atexit(stop_timer_thread);
1948                atexit_done = 1;
1949        }
1950        return start_timer_thread();
1951}
1952
1953int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
1954{
1955        if (sig != SIGALRM)
1956                return errno = EINVAL,
1957                        error("sigaction only implemented for SIGALRM");
1958        if (out != NULL)
1959                return errno = EINVAL,
1960                        error("sigaction: param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1961
1962        timer_fn = in->sa_handler;
1963        return 0;
1964}
1965
1966#undef signal
1967sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
1968{
1969        sig_handler_t old;
1970
1971        switch (sig) {
1972        case SIGALRM:
1973                old = timer_fn;
1974                timer_fn = handler;
1975                break;
1976
1977        case SIGINT:
1978                old = sigint_fn;
1979                sigint_fn = handler;
1980                break;
1981
1982        default:
1983                return signal(sig, handler);
1984        }
1985
1986        return old;
1987}
1988
1989#undef raise
1990int mingw_raise(int sig)
1991{
1992        switch (sig) {
1993        case SIGALRM:
1994                if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
1995                        if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
1996                                fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
1997                        exit(128 + SIGALRM);
1998                } else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
1999                        timer_fn(SIGALRM);
2000                return 0;
2001
2002        case SIGINT:
2003                if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
2004                        exit(128 + SIGINT);
2005                else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
2006                        sigint_fn(SIGINT);
2007                return 0;
2008
2009        default:
2010                return raise(sig);
2011        }
2012}
2013
2014int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
2015{
2016        typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
2017        static T create_hard_link = NULL;
2018        wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
2019        if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
2020                xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
2021                return -1;
2022
2023        if (!create_hard_link) {
2024                create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
2025                        GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkW");
2026                if (!create_hard_link)
2027                        create_hard_link = (T)-1;
2028        }
2029        if (create_hard_link == (T)-1) {
2030                errno = ENOSYS;
2031                return -1;
2032        }
2033        if (!create_hard_link(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
2034                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
2035                return -1;
2036        }
2037        return 0;
2038}
2039
2040pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
2041{
2042        HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
2043            FALSE, pid);
2044        if (!h) {
2045                errno = ECHILD;
2046                return -1;
2047        }
2048
2049        if (pid > 0 && options & WNOHANG) {
2050                if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(h, 0)) {
2051                        CloseHandle(h);
2052                        return 0;
2053                }
2054                options &= ~WNOHANG;
2055        }
2056
2057        if (options == 0) {
2058                struct pinfo_t **ppinfo;
2059                if (WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
2060                        CloseHandle(h);
2061                        return 0;
2062                }
2063
2064                if (status)
2065                        GetExitCodeProcess(h, (LPDWORD)status);
2066
2067                EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2068
2069                ppinfo = &pinfo;
2070                while (*ppinfo) {
2071                        struct pinfo_t *info = *ppinfo;
2072                        if (info->pid == pid) {
2073                                CloseHandle(info->proc);
2074                                *ppinfo = info->next;
2075                                free(info);
2076                                break;
2077                        }
2078                        ppinfo = &info->next;
2079                }
2080
2081                LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2082
2083                CloseHandle(h);
2084                return pid;
2085        }
2086        CloseHandle(h);
2087
2088        errno = EINVAL;
2089        return -1;
2090}
2091
2092int mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix(char **path)
2093{
2094        int ret = has_dos_drive_prefix(*path);
2095        *path += ret;
2096        return ret;
2097}
2098
2099int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
2100{
2101        char *pos = (char *)path;
2102
2103        /* unc paths */
2104        if (!skip_dos_drive_prefix(&pos) &&
2105                        is_dir_sep(pos[0]) && is_dir_sep(pos[1])) {
2106                /* skip server name */
2107                pos = strpbrk(pos + 2, "\\/");
2108                if (!pos)
2109                        return 0; /* Error: malformed unc path */
2110
2111                do {
2112                        pos++;
2113                } while (*pos && !is_dir_sep(*pos));
2114        }
2115
2116        return pos + is_dir_sep(*pos) - path;
2117}
2118
2119int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utfs, size_t wcslen, int utflen)
2120{
2121        int upos = 0, wpos = 0;
2122        const unsigned char *utf = (const unsigned char*) utfs;
2123        if (!utf || !wcs || wcslen < 1) {
2124                errno = EINVAL;
2125                return -1;
2126        }
2127        /* reserve space for \0 */
2128        wcslen--;
2129        if (utflen < 0)
2130                utflen = INT_MAX;
2131
2132        while (upos < utflen) {
2133                int c = utf[upos++] & 0xff;
2134                if (utflen == INT_MAX && c == 0)
2135                        break;
2136
2137                if (wpos >= wcslen) {
2138                        wcs[wpos] = 0;
2139                        errno = ERANGE;
2140                        return -1;
2141                }
2142
2143                if (c < 0x80) {
2144                        /* ASCII */
2145                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2146                } else if (c >= 0xc2 && c < 0xe0 && upos < utflen &&
2147                                (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2148                        /* 2-byte utf-8 */
2149                        c = ((c & 0x1f) << 6);
2150                        c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2151                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2152                } else if (c >= 0xe0 && c < 0xf0 && upos + 1 < utflen &&
2153                                !(c == 0xe0 && utf[upos] < 0xa0) && /* over-long encoding */
2154                                (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2155                                (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2156                        /* 3-byte utf-8 */
2157                        c = ((c & 0x0f) << 12);
2158                        c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
2159                        c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2160                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2161                } else if (c >= 0xf0 && c < 0xf5 && upos + 2 < utflen &&
2162                                wpos + 1 < wcslen &&
2163                                !(c == 0xf0 && utf[upos] < 0x90) && /* over-long encoding */
2164                                !(c == 0xf4 && utf[upos] >= 0x90) && /* > \u10ffff */
2165                                (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2166                                (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2167                                (utf[upos + 2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2168                        /* 4-byte utf-8: convert to \ud8xx \udcxx surrogate pair */
2169                        c = ((c & 0x07) << 18);
2170                        c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 12);
2171                        c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
2172                        c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2173                        c -= 0x10000;
2174                        wcs[wpos++] = 0xd800 | (c >> 10);
2175                        wcs[wpos++] = 0xdc00 | (c & 0x3ff);
2176                } else if (c >= 0xa0) {
2177                        /* invalid utf-8 byte, printable unicode char: convert 1:1 */
2178                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2179                } else {
2180                        /* invalid utf-8 byte, non-printable unicode: convert to hex */
2181                        static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
2182                        wcs[wpos++] = hex[c >> 4];
2183                        if (wpos < wcslen)
2184                                wcs[wpos++] = hex[c & 0x0f];
2185                }
2186        }
2187        wcs[wpos] = 0;
2188        return wpos;
2189}
2190
2191int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen)
2192{
2193        if (!wcs || !utf || utflen < 1) {
2194                errno = EINVAL;
2195                return -1;
2196        }
2197        utflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wcs, -1, utf, utflen, NULL, NULL);
2198        if (utflen)
2199                return utflen - 1;
2200        errno = ERANGE;
2201        return -1;
2202}
2203
2204static void setup_windows_environment(void)
2205{
2206        char *tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
2207
2208        /* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
2209        if (!tmp) {
2210                if (!(tmp = getenv("TMP")))
2211                        tmp = getenv("TEMP");
2212                if (tmp) {
2213                        setenv("TMPDIR", tmp, 1);
2214                        tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
2215                }
2216        }
2217
2218        if (tmp) {
2219                /*
2220                 * Convert all dir separators to forward slashes,
2221                 * to help shell commands called from the Git
2222                 * executable (by not mistaking the dir separators
2223                 * for escape characters).
2224                 */
2225                convert_slashes(tmp);
2226        }
2227
2228        /* simulate TERM to enable auto-color (see color.c) */
2229        if (!getenv("TERM"))
2230                setenv("TERM", "cygwin", 1);
2231}
2232
2233/*
2234 * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
2235 * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
2236 */
2237int _CRT_glob = 0;
2238
2239typedef struct {
2240        int newmode;
2241} _startupinfo;
2242
2243extern int __wgetmainargs(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv, wchar_t ***env, int glob,
2244                _startupinfo *si);
2245
2246static NORETURN void die_startup(void)
2247{
2248        fputs("fatal: not enough memory for initialization", stderr);
2249        exit(128);
2250}
2251
2252static void *malloc_startup(size_t size)
2253{
2254        void *result = malloc(size);
2255        if (!result)
2256                die_startup();
2257        return result;
2258}
2259
2260static char *wcstoutfdup_startup(char *buffer, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t len)
2261{
2262        len = xwcstoutf(buffer, wcs, len) + 1;
2263        return memcpy(malloc_startup(len), buffer, len);
2264}
2265
2266static void maybe_redirect_std_handle(const wchar_t *key, DWORD std_id, int fd,
2267                                      DWORD desired_access, DWORD flags)
2268{
2269        DWORD create_flag = fd ? OPEN_ALWAYS : OPEN_EXISTING;
2270        wchar_t buf[MAX_PATH];
2271        DWORD max = ARRAY_SIZE(buf);
2272        HANDLE handle;
2273        DWORD ret = GetEnvironmentVariableW(key, buf, max);
2274
2275        if (!ret || ret >= max)
2276                return;
2277
2278        /* make sure this does not leak into child processes */
2279        SetEnvironmentVariableW(key, NULL);
2280        if (!wcscmp(buf, L"off")) {
2281                close(fd);
2282                handle = GetStdHandle(std_id);
2283                if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
2284                        CloseHandle(handle);
2285                return;
2286        }
2287        if (std_id == STD_ERROR_HANDLE && !wcscmp(buf, L"2>&1")) {
2288                handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
2289                if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
2290                        close(fd);
2291                        handle = GetStdHandle(std_id);
2292                        if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
2293                                CloseHandle(handle);
2294                } else {
2295                        int new_fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)handle, O_BINARY);
2296                        SetStdHandle(std_id, handle);
2297                        dup2(new_fd, fd);
2298                        /* do *not* close the new_fd: that would close stdout */
2299                }
2300                return;
2301        }
2302        handle = CreateFileW(buf, desired_access, 0, NULL, create_flag,
2303                             flags, NULL);
2304        if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
2305                int new_fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)handle, O_BINARY);
2306                SetStdHandle(std_id, handle);
2307                dup2(new_fd, fd);
2308                close(new_fd);
2309        }
2310}
2311
2312static void maybe_redirect_std_handles(void)
2313{
2314        maybe_redirect_std_handle(L"GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN", STD_INPUT_HANDLE, 0,
2315                                  GENERIC_READ, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
2316        maybe_redirect_std_handle(L"GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT", STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, 1,
2317                                  GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
2318        maybe_redirect_std_handle(L"GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR", STD_ERROR_HANDLE, 2,
2319                                  GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING);
2320}
2321
2322void mingw_startup(void)
2323{
2324        int i, maxlen, argc;
2325        char *buffer;
2326        wchar_t **wenv, **wargv;
2327        _startupinfo si;
2328
2329        maybe_redirect_std_handles();
2330
2331        /* get wide char arguments and environment */
2332        si.newmode = 0;
2333        if (__wgetmainargs(&argc, &wargv, &wenv, _CRT_glob, &si) < 0)
2334                die_startup();
2335
2336        /* determine size of argv and environ conversion buffer */
2337        maxlen = wcslen(wargv[0]);
2338        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
2339                maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wargv[i]));
2340        for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
2341                maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wenv[i]));
2342
2343        /*
2344         * nedmalloc can't free CRT memory, allocate resizable environment
2345         * list. Note that xmalloc / xmemdupz etc. call getenv, so we cannot
2346         * use it while initializing the environment itself.
2347         */
2348        environ_size = i + 1;
2349        environ_alloc = alloc_nr(environ_size * sizeof(char*));
2350        environ = malloc_startup(environ_alloc);
2351
2352        /* allocate buffer (wchar_t encodes to max 3 UTF-8 bytes) */
2353        maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
2354        buffer = malloc_startup(maxlen);
2355
2356        /* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
2357        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2358                __argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
2359        for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
2360                environ[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wenv[i], maxlen);
2361        environ[i] = NULL;
2362        free(buffer);
2363
2364        /* sort environment for O(log n) getenv / putenv */
2365        qsort(environ, i, sizeof(char*), compareenv);
2366
2367        /* fix Windows specific environment settings */
2368        setup_windows_environment();
2369
2370        /* initialize critical section for waitpid pinfo_t list */
2371        InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2372
2373        /* set up default file mode and file modes for stdin/out/err */
2374        _fmode = _O_BINARY;
2375        _setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
2376        _setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
2377        _setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
2378
2379        /* initialize Unicode console */
2380        winansi_init();
2381}
2382
2383int uname(struct utsname *buf)
2384{
2385        unsigned v = (unsigned)GetVersion();
2386        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
2387        xsnprintf(buf->sysname, sizeof(buf->sysname), "Windows");
2388        xsnprintf(buf->release, sizeof(buf->release),
2389                 "%u.%u", v & 0xff, (v >> 8) & 0xff);
2390        /* assuming NT variants only.. */
2391        xsnprintf(buf->version, sizeof(buf->version),
2392                  "%u", (v >> 16) & 0x7fff);
2393        return 0;
2394}