ewah: support platforms that require aligned reads
[gitweb.git] / sha1_file.c
index 657825e14ef78c19649779fe89e1d09ae672901a..36d55c05f782e717c8d3a730878050fee390fe5a 100644 (file)
@@ -7,15 +7,21 @@
  * creation etc.
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "delta.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "pack-revindex.h"
 #include "sha1-lookup.h"
+#include "bulk-checkin.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifndef O_NOATIME
 #if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef NO_C99_FORMAT
-#define SZ_FMT "lu"
-static unsigned long sz_fmt(size_t s) { return (unsigned long)s; }
-#else
-#define SZ_FMT "zu"
-static size_t sz_fmt(size_t s) { return s; }
-#endif
+#define SZ_FMT PRIuMAX
+static inline uintmax_t sz_fmt(size_t s) { return s; }
 
 const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
 
-static inline int offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+static const char *no_log_pack_access = "no_log_pack_access";
+static const char *log_pack_access;
+
+/*
+ * This is meant to hold a *small* number of objects that you would
+ * want read_sha1_file() to be able to return, but yet you do not want
+ * to write them into the object store (e.g. a browse-only
+ * application).
+ */
+static struct cached_object {
+       unsigned char sha1[20];
+       enum object_type type;
+       void *buf;
+       unsigned long size;
+} *cached_objects;
+static int cached_object_nr, cached_object_alloc;
+
+static struct cached_object empty_tree = {
+       EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL,
+       OBJ_TREE,
+       "",
+       0
+};
+
+static struct packed_git *last_found_pack;
+
+static struct cached_object *find_cached_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct cached_object *co = cached_objects;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < cached_object_nr; i++, co++) {
+               if (!hashcmp(co->sha1, sha1))
+                       return co;
+       }
+       if (!hashcmp(sha1, empty_tree.sha1))
+               return &empty_tree;
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path)
 {
-       if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
-               return 2 + (path[2] == '/');
-       return *path == '/';
+       if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
+               int saved_errno = errno;
+               struct stat st;
+               struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+               if (errno != EEXIST)
+                       return -1;
+               /*
+                * Are we looking at a path in a symlinked worktree
+                * whose original repository does not yet have it?
+                * e.g. .git/rr-cache pointing at its original
+                * repository in which the user hasn't performed any
+                * conflict resolution yet?
+                */
+               if (lstat(path, &st) || !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ||
+                   strbuf_readlink(&sb, path, st.st_size) ||
+                   !is_absolute_path(sb.buf) ||
+                   mkdir(sb.buf, 0777)) {
+                       strbuf_release(&sb);
+                       errno = saved_errno;
+                       return -1;
+               }
+               strbuf_release(&sb);
+       }
+       return adjust_shared_perm(path);
 }
 
 int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
@@ -64,8 +127,13 @@ int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
                        }
                }
                else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
-                       *pos = '/';
-                       return -1;
+                       if (errno == EEXIST &&
+                           !stat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+                               ; /* somebody created it since we checked */
+                       } else {
+                               *pos = '/';
+                               return -1;
+                       }
                }
                else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
                        *pos = '/';
@@ -109,20 +177,22 @@ static void fill_sha1_path(char *pathbuf, const unsigned char *sha1)
  */
 char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-       static char *name, *base;
+       static char buf[PATH_MAX];
+       const char *objdir;
+       int len;
 
-       if (!base) {
-               const char *sha1_file_directory = get_object_directory();
-               int len = strlen(sha1_file_directory);
-               base = xmalloc(len + 60);
-               memcpy(base, sha1_file_directory, len);
-               memset(base+len, 0, 60);
-               base[len] = '/';
-               base[len+3] = '/';
-               name = base + len + 1;
-       }
-       fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
-       return base;
+       objdir = get_object_directory();
+       len = strlen(objdir);
+
+       /* '/' + sha1(2) + '/' + sha1(38) + '\0' */
+       if (len + 43 > PATH_MAX)
+               die("insanely long object directory %s", objdir);
+       memcpy(buf, objdir, len);
+       buf[len] = '/';
+       buf[len+3] = '/';
+       buf[len+42] = '\0';
+       fill_sha1_path(buf + len + 1, sha1);
+       return buf;
 }
 
 static char *sha1_get_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -169,8 +239,6 @@ char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb_list;
 static struct alternate_object_database **alt_odb_tail;
 
-static void read_info_alternates(const char * alternates, int depth);
-
 /*
  * Prepare alternate object database registry.
  *
@@ -186,32 +254,35 @@ static void read_info_alternates(const char * alternates, int depth);
  * SHA1, an extra slash for the first level indirection, and the
  * terminating NUL.
  */
-static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative_base, int depth)
+static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char *entry, const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
        const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
        struct alternate_object_database *ent;
        struct alternate_object_database *alt;
-       /* 43 = 40-byte + 2 '/' + terminating NUL */
-       int pfxlen = len;
-       int entlen = pfxlen + 43;
-       int base_len = -1;
+       int pfxlen, entlen;
+       struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
        if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && relative_base) {
-               /* Relative alt-odb */
-               if (base_len < 0)
-                       base_len = strlen(relative_base) + 1;
-               entlen += base_len;
-               pfxlen += base_len;
+               strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, real_path(relative_base));
+               strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
        }
-       ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + entlen);
+       strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, entry);
 
-       if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && relative_base) {
-               memcpy(ent->base, relative_base, base_len - 1);
-               ent->base[base_len - 1] = '/';
-               memcpy(ent->base + base_len, entry, len);
-       }
-       else
-               memcpy(ent->base, entry, pfxlen);
+       normalize_path_copy(pathbuf.buf, pathbuf.buf);
+
+       pfxlen = strlen(pathbuf.buf);
+
+       /*
+        * The trailing slash after the directory name is given by
+        * this function at the end. Remove duplicates.
+        */
+       while (pfxlen && pathbuf.buf[pfxlen-1] == '/')
+               pfxlen -= 1;
+
+       entlen = pfxlen + 43; /* '/' + 2 hex + '/' + 38 hex + NUL */
+       ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + entlen);
+       memcpy(ent->base, pathbuf.buf, pfxlen);
+       strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 
        ent->name = ent->base + pfxlen + 1;
        ent->base[pfxlen + 3] = '/';
@@ -235,7 +306,7 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
                        return -1;
                }
        }
-       if (!memcmp(ent->base, objdir, pfxlen)) {
+       if (!strcmp(ent->base, objdir)) {
                free(ent);
                return -1;
        }
@@ -253,10 +324,12 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
+static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, int len, int sep,
                                 const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
-       const char *cp, *last;
+       struct string_list entries = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+       char *alt_copy;
+       int i;
 
        if (depth > 5) {
                error("%s: ignoring alternate object stores, nesting too deep.",
@@ -264,33 +337,24 @@ static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
                return;
        }
 
-       last = alt;
-       while (last < ep) {
-               cp = last;
-               if (cp < ep && *cp == '#') {
-                       while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-                               cp++;
-                       last = cp + 1;
+       alt_copy = xmemdupz(alt, len);
+       string_list_split_in_place(&entries, alt_copy, sep, -1);
+       for (i = 0; i < entries.nr; i++) {
+               const char *entry = entries.items[i].string;
+               if (entry[0] == '\0' || entry[0] == '#')
                        continue;
+               if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && depth) {
+                       error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
+                                       relative_base, entry);
+               } else {
+                       link_alt_odb_entry(entry, relative_base, depth);
                }
-               while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-                       cp++;
-               if (last != cp) {
-                       if (!is_absolute_path(last) && depth) {
-                               error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
-                                               relative_base, last);
-                       } else {
-                               link_alt_odb_entry(last, cp - last,
-                                               relative_base, depth);
-                       }
-               }
-               while (cp < ep && *cp == sep)
-                       cp++;
-               last = cp;
        }
+       string_list_clear(&entries, 0);
+       free(alt_copy);
 }
 
-static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
+void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
 {
        char *map;
        size_t mapsz;
@@ -303,7 +367,7 @@ static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
        int fd;
 
        sprintf(path, "%s/%s", relative_base, alt_file_name);
-       fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+       fd = git_open_noatime(path);
        if (fd < 0)
                return;
        if (fstat(fd, &st) || (st.st_size == 0)) {
@@ -314,7 +378,7 @@ static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
        map = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
        close(fd);
 
-       link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
+       link_alt_odb_entries(map, mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
 
        munmap(map, mapsz);
 }
@@ -323,12 +387,12 @@ void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference)
 {
        struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
        int fd = hold_lock_file_for_append(lock, git_path("objects/info/alternates"), LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-       char *alt = mkpath("%s/objects\n", reference);
+       char *alt = mkpath("%s\n", reference);
        write_or_die(fd, alt, strlen(alt));
        if (commit_lock_file(lock))
                die("could not close alternates file");
        if (alt_odb_tail)
-               link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
+               link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
 }
 
 void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
@@ -352,7 +416,7 @@ void prepare_alt_odb(void)
        if (!alt) alt = "";
 
        alt_odb_tail = &alt_odb_list;
-       link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
+       link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
 
        read_info_alternates(get_object_directory(), 0);
 }
@@ -385,6 +449,8 @@ static unsigned int pack_used_ctr;
 static unsigned int pack_mmap_calls;
 static unsigned int peak_pack_open_windows;
 static unsigned int pack_open_windows;
+static unsigned int pack_open_fds;
+static unsigned int pack_max_fds;
 static size_t peak_pack_mapped;
 static size_t pack_mapped;
 struct packed_git *packed_git;
@@ -416,7 +482,7 @@ static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path,  struct packed_git *p)
        struct pack_idx_header *hdr;
        size_t idx_size;
        uint32_t version, nr, i, *index;
-       int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+       int fd = git_open_noatime(path);
        struct stat st;
 
        if (fd < 0)
@@ -546,7 +612,7 @@ static void scan_windows(struct packed_git *p,
        }
 }
 
-static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
+static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current)
 {
        struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
        struct pack_window *lru_w = NULL, *lru_l = NULL;
@@ -560,13 +626,8 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
                pack_mapped -= lru_w->len;
                if (lru_l)
                        lru_l->next = lru_w->next;
-               else {
+               else
                        lru_p->windows = lru_w->next;
-                       if (!lru_p->windows && lru_p->pack_fd != keep_fd) {
-                               close(lru_p->pack_fd);
-                               lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
-                       }
-               }
                free(lru_w);
                pack_open_windows--;
                return 1;
@@ -574,13 +635,28 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
        return 0;
 }
 
-void release_pack_memory(size_t need, int fd)
+void release_pack_memory(size_t need)
 {
        size_t cur = pack_mapped;
-       while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL, fd))
+       while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL))
                ; /* nothing */
 }
 
+void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
+       int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+       void *ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+       if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
+               if (!length)
+                       return NULL;
+               release_pack_memory(length);
+               ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+               if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
+                       die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
 void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
 {
        while (p->windows) {
@@ -597,6 +673,83 @@ void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
        }
 }
 
+/*
+ * The LRU pack is the one with the oldest MRU window, preferring packs
+ * with no used windows, or the oldest mtime if it has no windows allocated.
+ */
+static void find_lru_pack(struct packed_git *p, struct packed_git **lru_p, struct pack_window **mru_w, int *accept_windows_inuse)
+{
+       struct pack_window *w, *this_mru_w;
+       int has_windows_inuse = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Reject this pack if it has windows and the previously selected
+        * one does not.  If this pack does not have windows, reject
+        * it if the pack file is newer than the previously selected one.
+        */
+       if (*lru_p && !*mru_w && (p->windows || p->mtime > (*lru_p)->mtime))
+               return;
+
+       for (w = this_mru_w = p->windows; w; w = w->next) {
+               /*
+                * Reject this pack if any of its windows are in use,
+                * but the previously selected pack did not have any
+                * inuse windows.  Otherwise, record that this pack
+                * has windows in use.
+                */
+               if (w->inuse_cnt) {
+                       if (*accept_windows_inuse)
+                               has_windows_inuse = 1;
+                       else
+                               return;
+               }
+
+               if (w->last_used > this_mru_w->last_used)
+                       this_mru_w = w;
+
+               /*
+                * Reject this pack if it has windows that have been
+                * used more recently than the previously selected pack.
+                * If the previously selected pack had windows inuse and
+                * we have not encountered a window in this pack that is
+                * inuse, skip this check since we prefer a pack with no
+                * inuse windows to one that has inuse windows.
+                */
+               if (*mru_w && *accept_windows_inuse == has_windows_inuse &&
+                   this_mru_w->last_used > (*mru_w)->last_used)
+                       return;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Select this pack.
+        */
+       *mru_w = this_mru_w;
+       *lru_p = p;
+       *accept_windows_inuse = has_windows_inuse;
+}
+
+static int close_one_pack(void)
+{
+       struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
+       struct pack_window *mru_w = NULL;
+       int accept_windows_inuse = 1;
+
+       for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+               if (p->pack_fd == -1)
+                       continue;
+               find_lru_pack(p, &lru_p, &mru_w, &accept_windows_inuse);
+       }
+
+       if (lru_p) {
+               close(lru_p->pack_fd);
+               pack_open_fds--;
+               lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
 void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **w_cursor)
 {
        struct pack_window *w = *w_cursor;
@@ -606,6 +759,14 @@ void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **w_cursor)
        }
 }
 
+void close_pack_index(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+       if (p->index_data) {
+               munmap((void *)p->index_data, p->index_size);
+               p->index_data = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
 /*
  * This is used by git-repack in case a newly created pack happens to
  * contain the same set of objects as an existing one.  In that case
@@ -625,12 +786,15 @@ void free_pack_by_name(const char *pack_name)
                if (strcmp(pack_name, p->pack_name) == 0) {
                        clear_delta_base_cache();
                        close_pack_windows(p);
-                       if (p->pack_fd != -1)
+                       if (p->pack_fd != -1) {
                                close(p->pack_fd);
-                       if (p->index_data)
-                               munmap((void *)p->index_data, p->index_size);
+                               pack_open_fds--;
+                       }
+                       close_pack_index(p);
                        free(p->bad_object_sha1);
                        *pp = p->next;
+                       if (last_found_pack == p)
+                               last_found_pack = NULL;
                        free(p);
                        return;
                }
@@ -638,6 +802,24 @@ void free_pack_by_name(const char *pack_name)
        }
 }
 
+static unsigned int get_max_fd_limit(void)
+{
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
+       struct rlimit lim;
+
+       if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
+               die_errno("cannot get RLIMIT_NOFILE");
+
+       return lim.rlim_cur;
+#elif defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
+       return sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
+#elif defined(OPEN_MAX)
+       return OPEN_MAX;
+#else
+       return 1; /* see the caller ;-) */
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
  * Do not call this directly as this leaks p->pack_fd on error return;
  * call open_packed_git() instead.
@@ -653,11 +835,23 @@ static int open_packed_git_1(struct packed_git *p)
        if (!p->index_data && open_pack_index(p))
                return error("packfile %s index unavailable", p->pack_name);
 
-       p->pack_fd = open(p->pack_name, O_RDONLY);
-       while (p->pack_fd < 0 && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(p, -1))
-               p->pack_fd = open(p->pack_name, O_RDONLY);
+       if (!pack_max_fds) {
+               unsigned int max_fds = get_max_fd_limit();
+
+               /* Save 3 for stdin/stdout/stderr, 22 for work */
+               if (25 < max_fds)
+                       pack_max_fds = max_fds - 25;
+               else
+                       pack_max_fds = 1;
+       }
+
+       while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && close_one_pack())
+               ; /* nothing */
+
+       p->pack_fd = git_open_noatime(p->pack_name);
        if (p->pack_fd < 0 || fstat(p->pack_fd, &st))
                return -1;
+       pack_open_fds++;
 
        /* If we created the struct before we had the pack we lack size. */
        if (!p->pack_size) {
@@ -709,6 +903,7 @@ static int open_packed_git(struct packed_git *p)
                return 0;
        if (p->pack_fd != -1) {
                close(p->pack_fd);
+               pack_open_fds--;
                p->pack_fd = -1;
        }
        return -1;
@@ -730,18 +925,17 @@ static int in_window(struct pack_window *win, off_t offset)
 unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
                struct pack_window **w_cursor,
                off_t offset,
-               unsigned int *left)
+               unsigned long *left)
 {
        struct pack_window *win = *w_cursor;
 
-       if (p->pack_fd == -1 && open_packed_git(p))
-               die("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
-
        /* Since packfiles end in a hash of their content and it's
         * pointless to ask for an offset into the middle of that
         * hash, and the in_window function above wouldn't match
         * don't allow an offset too close to the end of the file.
         */
+       if (!p->pack_size && p->pack_fd == -1 && open_packed_git(p))
+               die("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
        if (offset > (p->pack_size - 20))
                die("offset beyond end of packfile (truncated pack?)");
 
@@ -755,6 +949,10 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
                if (!win) {
                        size_t window_align = packed_git_window_size / 2;
                        off_t len;
+
+                       if (p->pack_fd == -1 && open_packed_git(p))
+                               die("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
+
                        win = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*win));
                        win->offset = (offset / window_align) * window_align;
                        len = p->pack_size - win->offset;
@@ -763,7 +961,7 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
                        win->len = (size_t)len;
                        pack_mapped += win->len;
                        while (packed_git_limit < pack_mapped
-                               && unuse_one_window(p, p->pack_fd))
+                               && unuse_one_window(p))
                                ; /* nothing */
                        win->base = xmmap(NULL, win->len,
                                PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
@@ -772,6 +970,12 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
                                die("packfile %s cannot be mapped: %s",
                                        p->pack_name,
                                        strerror(errno));
+                       if (!win->offset && win->len == p->pack_size
+                               && !p->do_not_close) {
+                               close(p->pack_fd);
+                               pack_open_fds--;
+                               p->pack_fd = -1;
+                       }
                        pack_mmap_calls++;
                        pack_open_windows++;
                        if (pack_mapped > peak_pack_mapped)
@@ -801,11 +1005,22 @@ static struct packed_git *alloc_packed_git(int extra)
        return p;
 }
 
+static void try_to_free_pack_memory(size_t size)
+{
+       release_pack_memory(size);
+}
+
 struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
 {
+       static int have_set_try_to_free_routine;
        struct stat st;
        struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(path_len + 2);
 
+       if (!have_set_try_to_free_routine) {
+               have_set_try_to_free_routine = 1;
+               set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_pack_memory);
+       }
+
        /*
         * Make sure a corresponding .pack file exists and that
         * the index looks sane.
@@ -838,9 +1053,8 @@ struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
        return p;
 }
 
-struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1)
+struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *idx_path)
 {
-       const char *idx_path = sha1_pack_index_name(sha1);
        const char *path = sha1_pack_name(sha1);
        struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(strlen(path) + 1);
 
@@ -856,10 +1070,70 @@ struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1)
 
 void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack)
 {
+       if (pack->pack_fd != -1)
+               pack_open_fds++;
+
        pack->next = packed_git;
        packed_git = pack;
 }
 
+void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
+static void report_helper(const struct string_list *list,
+                         int seen_bits, int first, int last)
+{
+       const char *msg;
+       switch (seen_bits) {
+       case 0:
+               msg = "no corresponding .idx nor .pack";
+               break;
+       case 1:
+               msg = "no corresponding .idx";
+               break;
+       case 2:
+               msg = "no corresponding .pack";
+               break;
+       default:
+               return;
+       }
+       for (; first < last; first++)
+               report_garbage(msg, list->items[first].string);
+}
+
+static void report_pack_garbage(struct string_list *list)
+{
+       int i, baselen = -1, first = 0, seen_bits = 0;
+
+       if (!report_garbage)
+               return;
+
+       sort_string_list(list);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+               const char *path = list->items[i].string;
+               if (baselen != -1 &&
+                   strncmp(path, list->items[first].string, baselen)) {
+                       report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, i);
+                       baselen = -1;
+                       seen_bits = 0;
+               }
+               if (baselen == -1) {
+                       const char *dot = strrchr(path, '.');
+                       if (!dot) {
+                               report_garbage("garbage found", path);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       baselen = dot - path + 1;
+                       first = i;
+               }
+               if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "pack"))
+                       seen_bits |= 1;
+               else if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "idx"))
+                       seen_bits |= 2;
+       }
+       report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, list->nr);
+}
+
 static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 {
        /* Ensure that this buffer is large enough so that we can
@@ -869,12 +1143,11 @@ static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
        int len;
        DIR *dir;
        struct dirent *de;
+       struct string_list garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
        sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
        len = strlen(path);
        dir = opendir(path);
-       while (!dir && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(packed_git, -1))
-               dir = opendir(path);
        if (!dir) {
                if (errno != ENOENT)
                        error("unable to open object pack directory: %s: %s",
@@ -886,29 +1159,50 @@ static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
                int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
                struct packed_git *p;
 
-               if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
+               if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path)) {
+                       if (report_garbage) {
+                               struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+                               strbuf_addf(&sb, "%.*s/%s", len - 1, path, de->d_name);
+                               report_garbage("path too long", sb.buf);
+                               strbuf_release(&sb);
+                       }
                        continue;
+               }
 
-               if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path))
+               if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
                        continue;
 
-               /* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
                strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
-               for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-                       if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
-                               break;
+
+               if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx")) {
+                       /* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
+                       for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+                               if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if (p == NULL &&
+                           /*
+                            * See if it really is a valid .idx file with
+                            * corresponding .pack file that we can map.
+                            */
+                           (p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local)) != NULL)
+                               install_packed_git(p);
                }
-               if (p)
-                       continue;
-               /* See if it really is a valid .idx file with corresponding
-                * .pack file that we can map.
-                */
-               p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
-               if (!p)
+
+               if (!report_garbage)
                        continue;
-               install_packed_git(p);
+
+               if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx") ||
+                   has_extension(de->d_name, ".pack") ||
+                   has_extension(de->d_name, ".bitmap") ||
+                   has_extension(de->d_name, ".keep"))
+                       string_list_append(&garbage, path);
+               else
+                       report_garbage("garbage found", path);
        }
        closedir(dir);
+       report_pack_garbage(&garbage);
+       string_list_clear(&garbage, 0);
 }
 
 static int sort_pack(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -985,7 +1279,6 @@ void prepare_packed_git(void)
 
 void reprepare_packed_git(void)
 {
-       discard_revindex();
        prepare_packed_git_run_once = 0;
        prepare_packed_git();
 }
@@ -1002,7 +1295,7 @@ static void mark_bad_packed_object(struct packed_git *p,
        p->num_bad_objects++;
 }
 
-static int has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static const struct packed_git *has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
        struct packed_git *p;
        unsigned i;
@@ -1010,29 +1303,95 @@ static int has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
        for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
                for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
                        if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
-                               return 1;
-       return 0;
+                               return p;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map, unsigned long size, const char *type)
+/*
+ * With an in-core object data in "map", rehash it to make sure the
+ * object name actually matches "sha1" to detect object corruption.
+ * With "map" == NULL, try reading the object named with "sha1" using
+ * the streaming interface and rehash it to do the same.
+ */
+int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map,
+                        unsigned long size, const char *type)
 {
        unsigned char real_sha1[20];
-       hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
+       enum object_type obj_type;
+       struct git_istream *st;
+       git_SHA_CTX c;
+       char hdr[32];
+       int hdrlen;
+
+       if (map) {
+               hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
+               return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
+       }
+
+       st = open_istream(sha1, &obj_type, &size, NULL);
+       if (!st)
+               return -1;
+
+       /* Generate the header */
+       hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(obj_type), size) + 1;
+
+       /* Sha1.. */
+       git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+       git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
+       for (;;) {
+               char buf[1024 * 16];
+               ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+               if (readlen < 0) {
+                       close_istream(st);
+                       return -1;
+               }
+               if (!readlen)
+                       break;
+               git_SHA1_Update(&c, buf, readlen);
+       }
+       git_SHA1_Final(real_sha1, &c);
+       close_istream(st);
        return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
+int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
 {
        static int sha1_file_open_flag = O_NOATIME;
-       int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
 
-       /* Might the failure be due to O_NOATIME? */
-       if (fd < 0 && errno != ENOENT && sha1_file_open_flag) {
-               fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
+       for (;;) {
+               int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
                if (fd >= 0)
+                       return fd;
+
+               /* Might the failure be due to O_NOATIME? */
+               if (errno != ENOENT && sha1_file_open_flag) {
                        sha1_file_open_flag = 0;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               return -1;
        }
-       return fd;
+}
+
+static int stat_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, struct stat *st)
+{
+       char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+       struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+       if (!lstat(name, st))
+               return 0;
+
+       prepare_alt_odb();
+       errno = ENOENT;
+       for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+               name = alt->name;
+               fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
+               if (!lstat(alt->base, st))
+                       return 0;
+       }
+
+       return -1;
 }
 
 static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -1057,7 +1416,7 @@ static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
        return -1;
 }
 
-static void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
+void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
 {
        void *map;
        int fd;
@@ -1069,6 +1428,11 @@ static void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
 
                if (!fstat(fd, &st)) {
                        *size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+                       if (!*size) {
+                               /* mmap() is forbidden on empty files */
+                               error("object file %s is empty", sha1_file_name(sha1));
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
                        map = xmmap(NULL, *size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
                }
                close(fd);
@@ -1076,20 +1440,49 @@ static void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
        return map;
 }
 
-static int legacy_loose_object(unsigned char *map)
+/*
+ * There used to be a second loose object header format which
+ * was meant to mimic the in-pack format, allowing for direct
+ * copy of the object data.  This format turned up not to be
+ * really worth it and we no longer write loose objects in that
+ * format.
+ */
+static int experimental_loose_object(unsigned char *map)
 {
        unsigned int word;
 
        /*
-        * Is it a zlib-compressed buffer? If so, the first byte
-        * must be 0x78 (15-bit window size, deflated), and the
-        * first 16-bit word is evenly divisible by 31
+        * We must determine if the buffer contains the standard
+        * zlib-deflated stream or the experimental format based
+        * on the in-pack object format. Compare the header byte
+        * for each format:
+        *
+        * RFC1950 zlib w/ deflate : 0www1000 : 0 <= www <= 7
+        * Experimental pack-based : Stttssss : ttt = 1,2,3,4
+        *
+        * If bit 7 is clear and bits 0-3 equal 8, the buffer MUST be
+        * in standard loose-object format, UNLESS it is a Git-pack
+        * format object *exactly* 8 bytes in size when inflated.
+        *
+        * However, RFC1950 also specifies that the 1st 16-bit word
+        * must be divisible by 31 - this checksum tells us our buffer
+        * is in the standard format, giving a false positive only if
+        * the 1st word of the Git-pack format object happens to be
+        * divisible by 31, ie:
+        *      ((byte0 * 256) + byte1) % 31 = 0
+        *   =>        0ttt10000www1000 % 31 = 0
+        *
+        * As it happens, this case can only arise for www=3 & ttt=1
+        * - ie, a Commit object, which would have to be 8 bytes in
+        * size. As no Commit can be that small, we find that the
+        * combination of these two criteria (bitmask & checksum)
+        * can always correctly determine the buffer format.
         */
        word = (map[0] << 8) + map[1];
-       if (map[0] == 0x78 && !(word % 31))
-               return 1;
-       else
+       if ((map[0] & 0x8F) == 0x08 && !(word % 31))
                return 0;
+       else
+               return 1;
 }
 
 unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
@@ -1106,7 +1499,8 @@ unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
        while (c & 0x80) {
                if (len <= used || bitsizeof(long) <= shift) {
                        error("bad object header");
-                       return 0;
+                       size = used = 0;
+                       break;
                }
                c = buf[used++];
                size += (c & 0x7f) << shift;
@@ -1116,7 +1510,7 @@ unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
        return used;
 }
 
-static int unpack_sha1_header(z_stream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz)
+int unpack_sha1_header(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz)
 {
        unsigned long size, used;
        static const char valid_loose_object_type[8] = {
@@ -1133,37 +1527,32 @@ static int unpack_sha1_header(z_stream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned lon
        stream->next_out = buffer;
        stream->avail_out = bufsiz;
 
-       if (legacy_loose_object(map)) {
-               git_inflate_init(stream);
-               return git_inflate(stream, 0);
-       }
-
+       if (experimental_loose_object(map)) {
+               /*
+                * The old experimental format we no longer produce;
+                * we can still read it.
+                */
+               used = unpack_object_header_buffer(map, mapsize, &type, &size);
+               if (!used || !valid_loose_object_type[type])
+                       return -1;
+               map += used;
+               mapsize -= used;
 
-       /*
-        * There used to be a second loose object header format which
-        * was meant to mimic the in-pack format, allowing for direct
-        * copy of the object data.  This format turned up not to be
-        * really worth it and we don't write it any longer.  But we
-        * can still read it.
-        */
-       used = unpack_object_header_buffer(map, mapsize, &type, &size);
-       if (!used || !valid_loose_object_type[type])
-               return -1;
-       map += used;
-       mapsize -= used;
+               /* Set up the stream for the rest.. */
+               stream->next_in = map;
+               stream->avail_in = mapsize;
+               git_inflate_init(stream);
 
-       /* Set up the stream for the rest.. */
-       stream->next_in = map;
-       stream->avail_in = mapsize;
+               /* And generate the fake traditional header */
+               stream->total_out = 1 + snprintf(buffer, bufsiz, "%s %lu",
+                                                typename(type), size);
+               return 0;
+       }
        git_inflate_init(stream);
+       return git_inflate(stream, 0);
+}
 
-       /* And generate the fake traditional header */
-       stream->total_out = 1 + snprintf(buffer, bufsiz, "%s %lu",
-                                        typename(type), size);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static void *unpack_sha1_rest(z_stream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long size, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static void *unpack_sha1_rest(git_zstream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long size, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
        int bytes = strlen(buffer) + 1;
        unsigned char *buf = xmallocz(size);
@@ -1179,7 +1568,7 @@ static void *unpack_sha1_rest(z_stream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long size
                /*
                 * The above condition must be (bytes <= size), not
                 * (bytes < size).  In other words, even though we
-                * expect no more output and set avail_out to zer0,
+                * expect no more output and set avail_out to zero,
                 * the input zlib stream may have bytes that express
                 * "this concludes the stream", and we *do* want to
                 * eat that input.
@@ -1213,7 +1602,7 @@ static void *unpack_sha1_rest(z_stream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long size
  * too permissive for what we want to check. So do an anal
  * object header parse by hand.
  */
-static int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep)
+int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep)
 {
        char type[10];
        int i;
@@ -1262,7 +1651,7 @@ static int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep)
 static void *unpack_sha1_file(void *map, unsigned long mapsize, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
        int ret;
-       z_stream stream;
+       git_zstream stream;
        char hdr[8192];
 
        ret = unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr));
@@ -1278,7 +1667,7 @@ unsigned long get_size_from_delta(struct packed_git *p,
 {
        const unsigned char *data;
        unsigned char delta_head[20], *in;
-       z_stream stream;
+       git_zstream stream;
        int st;
 
        memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
@@ -1350,62 +1739,18 @@ static off_t get_delta_base(struct packed_git *p,
        return base_offset;
 }
 
-/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t offset,
-                             unsigned long *sizep);
-
-static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
-                            struct pack_window **w_curs,
-                            off_t curpos,
-                            enum object_type type,
-                            off_t obj_offset,
-                            unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-       off_t base_offset;
-
-       base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
-       if (!base_offset)
-               return OBJ_BAD;
-       type = packed_object_info(p, base_offset, NULL);
-       if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
-               struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-               const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-               revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-               if (!revidx)
-                       return OBJ_BAD;
-               base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-               mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-               type = sha1_object_info(base_sha1, NULL);
-               if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
-                       return OBJ_BAD;
-       }
-
-       /* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
-        * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
-        * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
-        * inflate() calls.
-        */
-       if (sizep) {
-               *sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, w_curs, curpos);
-               if (*sizep == 0)
-                       type = OBJ_BAD;
-       }
-
-       return type;
-}
-
-static int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
-                               struct pack_window **w_curs,
-                               off_t *curpos,
-                               unsigned long *sizep)
+int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
+                        struct pack_window **w_curs,
+                        off_t *curpos,
+                        unsigned long *sizep)
 {
        unsigned char *base;
-       unsigned int left;
+       unsigned long left;
        unsigned long used;
        enum object_type type;
 
        /* use_pack() assures us we have [base, base + 20) available
-        * as a range that we can look at at.  (Its actually the hash
+        * as a range that we can look at.  (Its actually the hash
         * size that is assured.)  With our object header encoding
         * the maximum deflated object size is 2^137, which is just
         * insane, so we know won't exceed what we have been given.
@@ -1420,89 +1765,138 @@ static int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
        return type;
 }
 
-const char *packed_object_info_detail(struct packed_git *p,
-                                     off_t obj_offset,
-                                     unsigned long *size,
-                                     unsigned long *store_size,
-                                     unsigned int *delta_chain_length,
-                                     unsigned char *base_sha1)
+static int retry_bad_packed_offset(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-       struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-       off_t curpos;
-       unsigned long dummy;
-       unsigned char *next_sha1;
-       enum object_type type;
+       int type;
        struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-
-       *delta_chain_length = 0;
-       curpos = obj_offset;
-       type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, size);
-
+       const unsigned char *sha1;
        revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-       *store_size = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+       if (!revidx)
+               return OBJ_BAD;
+       sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+       mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+       type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+       if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+               return OBJ_BAD;
+       return type;
+}
 
-       for (;;) {
-               switch (type) {
-               default:
-                       die("pack %s contains unknown object type %d",
-                           p->pack_name, type);
-               case OBJ_COMMIT:
-               case OBJ_TREE:
-               case OBJ_BLOB:
-               case OBJ_TAG:
-                       unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-                       return typename(type);
-               case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-                       obj_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
-                       if (!obj_offset)
-                               die("pack %s contains bad delta base reference of type %s",
-                                   p->pack_name, typename(type));
-                       if (*delta_chain_length == 0) {
-                               revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-                               hashcpy(base_sha1, nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr));
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-                       next_sha1 = use_pack(p, &w_curs, curpos, NULL);
-                       if (*delta_chain_length == 0)
-                               hashcpy(base_sha1, next_sha1);
-                       obj_offset = find_pack_entry_one(next_sha1, p);
-                       break;
+#define POI_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+
+static enum object_type packed_to_object_type(struct packed_git *p,
+                                             off_t obj_offset,
+                                             enum object_type type,
+                                             struct pack_window **w_curs,
+                                             off_t curpos)
+{
+       off_t small_poi_stack[POI_STACK_PREALLOC];
+       off_t *poi_stack = small_poi_stack;
+       int poi_stack_nr = 0, poi_stack_alloc = POI_STACK_PREALLOC;
+
+       while (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+               off_t base_offset;
+               unsigned long size;
+               /* Push the object we're going to leave behind */
+               if (poi_stack_nr >= poi_stack_alloc && poi_stack == small_poi_stack) {
+                       poi_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(poi_stack_nr);
+                       poi_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_alloc);
+                       memcpy(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_nr);
+               } else {
+                       ALLOC_GROW(poi_stack, poi_stack_nr+1, poi_stack_alloc);
+               }
+               poi_stack[poi_stack_nr++] = obj_offset;
+               /* If parsing the base offset fails, just unwind */
+               base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+               if (!base_offset)
+                       goto unwind;
+               curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
+               type = unpack_object_header(p, w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+               if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
+                       /* If getting the base itself fails, we first
+                        * retry the base, otherwise unwind */
+                       type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, base_offset);
+                       if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+                               goto out;
+                       goto unwind;
                }
-               (*delta_chain_length)++;
-               curpos = obj_offset;
-               type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &dummy);
        }
-}
-
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-                             unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-       struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-       unsigned long size;
-       off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-       enum object_type type;
-
-       type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
 
        switch (type) {
-       case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-       case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-               type = packed_delta_info(p, &w_curs, curpos,
-                                        type, obj_offset, sizep);
-               break;
+       case OBJ_BAD:
        case OBJ_COMMIT:
        case OBJ_TREE:
        case OBJ_BLOB:
        case OBJ_TAG:
-               if (sizep)
-                       *sizep = size;
                break;
        default:
                error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
                      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
                type = OBJ_BAD;
        }
+
+out:
+       if (poi_stack != small_poi_stack)
+               free(poi_stack);
+       return type;
+
+unwind:
+       while (poi_stack_nr) {
+               obj_offset = poi_stack[--poi_stack_nr];
+               type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, obj_offset);
+               if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+                       goto out;
+       }
+       type = OBJ_BAD;
+       goto out;
+}
+
+static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
+                             struct object_info *oi)
+{
+       struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+       unsigned long size;
+       off_t curpos = obj_offset;
+       enum object_type type;
+
+       /*
+        * We always get the representation type, but only convert it to
+        * a "real" type later if the caller is interested.
+        */
+       type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+
+       if (oi->sizep) {
+               if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+                       off_t tmp_pos = curpos;
+                       off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &tmp_pos,
+                                                          type, obj_offset);
+                       if (!base_offset) {
+                               type = OBJ_BAD;
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+                       *oi->sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, &w_curs, tmp_pos);
+                       if (*oi->sizep == 0) {
+                               type = OBJ_BAD;
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       *oi->sizep = size;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (oi->disk_sizep) {
+               struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+               *oi->disk_sizep = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+       }
+
+       if (oi->typep) {
+               *oi->typep = packed_to_object_type(p, obj_offset, type, &w_curs, curpos);
+               if (*oi->typep < 0) {
+                       type = OBJ_BAD;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+       }
+
+out:
        unuse_pack(&w_curs);
        return type;
 }
@@ -1513,7 +1907,7 @@ static void *unpack_compressed_entry(struct packed_git *p,
                                    unsigned long size)
 {
        int st;
-       z_stream stream;
+       git_zstream stream;
        unsigned char *buffer, *in;
 
        buffer = xmallocz(size);
@@ -1566,25 +1960,51 @@ static unsigned long pack_entry_hash(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
        return hash % MAX_DELTA_CACHE;
 }
 
+static struct delta_base_cache_entry *
+get_delta_base_cache_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+       unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
+       return delta_base_cache + hash;
+}
+
+static int eq_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent,
+                                    struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+       return (ent->data && ent->p == p && ent->base_offset == base_offset);
+}
+
+static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+       struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+       ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+       return eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset);
+}
+
+static void clear_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent)
+{
+       ent->data = NULL;
+       ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+       ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+       delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+}
+
 static void *cache_or_unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
        unsigned long *base_size, enum object_type *type, int keep_cache)
 {
+       struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
        void *ret;
-       unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-       struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
 
-       ret = ent->data;
-       if (!ret || ent->p != p || ent->base_offset != base_offset)
+       ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+
+       if (!eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset))
                return unpack_entry(p, base_offset, type, base_size);
 
-       if (!keep_cache) {
-               ent->data = NULL;
-               ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
-               ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
-               delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
-       } else {
+       ret = ent->data;
+
+       if (!keep_cache)
+               clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+       else
                ret = xmemdupz(ent->data, ent->size);
-       }
        *type = ent->type;
        *base_size = ent->size;
        return ret;
@@ -1648,109 +2068,214 @@ static void add_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
                         unsigned long *size);
 
-static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
-                               struct pack_window **w_curs,
-                               off_t curpos,
-                               unsigned long delta_size,
-                               off_t obj_offset,
-                               enum object_type *type,
-                               unsigned long *sizep)
+static void write_pack_access_log(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-       void *delta_data, *result, *base;
-       unsigned long base_size;
-       off_t base_offset;
+       static FILE *log_file;
 
-       base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, *type, obj_offset);
-       if (!base_offset) {
-               error("failed to validate delta base reference "
-                     "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-                     (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       unuse_pack(w_curs);
-       base = cache_or_unpack_entry(p, base_offset, &base_size, type, 0);
-       if (!base) {
-               /*
-                * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
-                * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
-                * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
-                * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
-                */
-               struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-               const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-               revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-               if (!revidx)
-                       return NULL;
-               base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-               error("failed to read delta base object %s"
-                     " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-                     sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)base_offset,
-                     p->pack_name);
-               mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-               base = read_object(base_sha1, type, &base_size);
-               if (!base)
-                       return NULL;
-       }
+       if (!log_pack_access)
+               log_pack_access = getenv("GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS");
+       if (!log_pack_access)
+               log_pack_access = no_log_pack_access;
+       if (log_pack_access == no_log_pack_access)
+               return;
 
-       delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
-       if (!delta_data) {
-               error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
-                     "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-                     (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-               free(base);
-               return NULL;
+       if (!log_file) {
+               log_file = fopen(log_pack_access, "w");
+               if (!log_file) {
+                       error("cannot open pack access log '%s' for writing: %s",
+                             log_pack_access, strerror(errno));
+                       log_pack_access = no_log_pack_access;
+                       return;
+               }
        }
-       result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
-                            delta_data, delta_size,
-                            sizep);
-       if (!result)
-               die("failed to apply delta");
-       free(delta_data);
-       add_delta_base_cache(p, base_offset, base, base_size, *type);
-       return result;
+       fprintf(log_file, "%s %"PRIuMAX"\n",
+               p->pack_name, (uintmax_t)obj_offset);
+       fflush(log_file);
 }
 
 int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
+#define UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+struct unpack_entry_stack_ent {
+       off_t obj_offset;
+       off_t curpos;
+       unsigned long size;
+};
+
 void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-                  enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+                  enum object_type *final_type, unsigned long *final_size)
 {
        struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
        off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-       void *data;
+       void *data = NULL;
+       unsigned long size;
+       enum object_type type;
+       struct unpack_entry_stack_ent small_delta_stack[UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC];
+       struct unpack_entry_stack_ent *delta_stack = small_delta_stack;
+       int delta_stack_nr = 0, delta_stack_alloc = UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC;
+       int base_from_cache = 0;
 
-       if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
-               struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-               unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
-               if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
-                       const unsigned char *sha1 =
-                               nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-                       error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
-                             sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-                       mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
-                       unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-                       return NULL;
+       if (log_pack_access != no_log_pack_access)
+               write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
+
+       /* PHASE 1: drill down to the innermost base object */
+       for (;;) {
+               off_t base_offset;
+               int i;
+               struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+
+               ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, curpos);
+               if (eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, curpos)) {
+                       type = ent->type;
+                       data = ent->data;
+                       size = ent->size;
+                       clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+                       base_from_cache = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
+                       struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+                       unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+                       if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
+                               const unsigned char *sha1 =
+                                       nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+                               error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
+                                     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+                               mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+                               unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+               if (type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA && type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+                       break;
+
+               base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+               if (!base_offset) {
+                       error("failed to validate delta base reference "
+                             "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+                             (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+                       /* bail to phase 2, in hopes of recovery */
+                       data = NULL;
+                       break;
                }
+
+               /* push object, proceed to base */
+               if (delta_stack_nr >= delta_stack_alloc
+                   && delta_stack == small_delta_stack) {
+                       delta_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(delta_stack_nr);
+                       delta_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_alloc);
+                       memcpy(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
+                              sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_nr);
+               } else {
+                       ALLOC_GROW(delta_stack, delta_stack_nr+1, delta_stack_alloc);
+               }
+               i = delta_stack_nr++;
+               delta_stack[i].obj_offset = obj_offset;
+               delta_stack[i].curpos = curpos;
+               delta_stack[i].size = size;
+
+               curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
        }
 
-       *type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, sizep);
-       switch (*type) {
+       /* PHASE 2: handle the base */
+       switch (type) {
        case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
        case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-               data = unpack_delta_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep,
-                                         obj_offset, type, sizep);
+               if (data)
+                       die("BUG in unpack_entry: left loop at a valid delta");
                break;
        case OBJ_COMMIT:
        case OBJ_TREE:
        case OBJ_BLOB:
        case OBJ_TAG:
-               data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep);
+               if (!base_from_cache)
+                       data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, size);
                break;
        default:
                data = NULL;
                error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
-                     *type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+                     type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+       }
+
+       /* PHASE 3: apply deltas in order */
+
+       /* invariants:
+        *   'data' holds the base data, or NULL if there was corruption
+        */
+       while (delta_stack_nr) {
+               void *delta_data;
+               void *base = data;
+               unsigned long delta_size, base_size = size;
+               int i;
+
+               data = NULL;
+
+               if (base)
+                       add_delta_base_cache(p, obj_offset, base, base_size, type);
+
+               if (!base) {
+                       /*
+                        * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+                        * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
+                        * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
+                        * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
+                        */
+                       struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+                       const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+                       revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+                       if (revidx) {
+                               base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+                               error("failed to read delta base object %s"
+                                     " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+                                     sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)obj_offset,
+                                     p->pack_name);
+                               mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+                               base = read_object(base_sha1, &type, &base_size);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               i = --delta_stack_nr;
+               obj_offset = delta_stack[i].obj_offset;
+               curpos = delta_stack[i].curpos;
+               delta_size = delta_stack[i].size;
+
+               if (!base)
+                       continue;
+
+               delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
+
+               if (!delta_data) {
+                       error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
+                             "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+                             (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+                       data = NULL;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               data = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+                                  delta_data, delta_size,
+                                  &size);
+
+               /*
+                * We could not apply the delta; warn the user, but keep going.
+                * Our failure will be noticed either in the next iteration of
+                * the loop, or if this is the final delta, in the caller when
+                * we return NULL. Those code paths will take care of making
+                * a more explicit warning and retrying with another copy of
+                * the object.
+                */
+               if (!data)
+                       error("failed to apply delta");
+
+               free(delta_data);
        }
+
+       *final_type = type;
+       *final_size = size;
+
        unuse_pack(&w_curs);
        return data;
 }
@@ -1856,54 +2381,79 @@ off_t find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *sha1,
        return 0;
 }
 
+int is_pack_valid(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+       /* An already open pack is known to be valid. */
+       if (p->pack_fd != -1)
+               return 1;
+
+       /* If the pack has one window completely covering the
+        * file size, the pack is known to be valid even if
+        * the descriptor is not currently open.
+        */
+       if (p->windows) {
+               struct pack_window *w = p->windows;
+
+               if (!w->offset && w->len == p->pack_size)
+                       return 1;
+       }
+
+       /* Force the pack to open to prove its valid. */
+       return !open_packed_git(p);
+}
+
+static int fill_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+                          struct pack_entry *e,
+                          struct packed_git *p)
+{
+       off_t offset;
+
+       if (p->num_bad_objects) {
+               unsigned i;
+               for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
+                       if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
+                               return 0;
+       }
+
+       offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
+       if (!offset)
+               return 0;
+
+       /*
+        * We are about to tell the caller where they can locate the
+        * requested object.  We better make sure the packfile is
+        * still here and can be accessed before supplying that
+        * answer, as it may have been deleted since the index was
+        * loaded!
+        */
+       if (!is_pack_valid(p)) {
+               warning("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       e->offset = offset;
+       e->p = p;
+       hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
+       return 1;
+}
+
 static int find_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct pack_entry *e)
 {
-       static struct packed_git *last_found = (void *)1;
        struct packed_git *p;
-       off_t offset;
 
        prepare_packed_git();
        if (!packed_git)
                return 0;
-       p = (last_found == (void *)1) ? packed_git : last_found;
 
-       do {
-               if (p->num_bad_objects) {
-                       unsigned i;
-                       for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
-                               if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
-                                       goto next;
-               }
+       if (last_found_pack && fill_pack_entry(sha1, e, last_found_pack))
+               return 1;
 
-               offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
-               if (offset) {
-                       /*
-                        * We are about to tell the caller where they can
-                        * locate the requested object.  We better make
-                        * sure the packfile is still here and can be
-                        * accessed before supplying that answer, as
-                        * it may have been deleted since the index
-                        * was loaded!
-                        */
-                       if (p->pack_fd == -1 && open_packed_git(p)) {
-                               error("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
-                               goto next;
-                       }
-                       e->offset = offset;
-                       e->p = p;
-                       hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-                       last_found = p;
-                       return 1;
-               }
+       for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+               if (p == last_found_pack || !fill_pack_entry(sha1, e, p))
+                       continue;
 
-               next:
-               if (p == last_found)
-                       p = packed_git;
-               else
-                       p = p->next;
-               if (p == last_found)
-                       p = p->next;
-       } while (p);
+               last_found_pack = p;
+               return 1;
+       }
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1920,53 +2470,107 @@ struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 }
 
-static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1,
+                                 struct object_info *oi)
 {
        int status;
        unsigned long mapsize, size;
        void *map;
-       z_stream stream;
+       git_zstream stream;
        char hdr[32];
 
+       /*
+        * If we don't care about type or size, then we don't
+        * need to look inside the object at all.
+        */
+       if (!oi->typep && !oi->sizep) {
+               if (oi->disk_sizep) {
+                       struct stat st;
+                       if (stat_sha1_file(sha1, &st) < 0)
+                               return -1;
+                       *oi->disk_sizep = st.st_size;
+               }
+               return 0;
+       }
+
        map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
        if (!map)
-               return error("unable to find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+               return -1;
+       if (oi->disk_sizep)
+               *oi->disk_sizep = mapsize;
        if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
                status = error("unable to unpack %s header",
                               sha1_to_hex(sha1));
        else if ((status = parse_sha1_header(hdr, &size)) < 0)
                status = error("unable to parse %s header", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-       else if (sizep)
-               *sizep = size;
+       else if (oi->sizep)
+               *oi->sizep = size;
        git_inflate_end(&stream);
        munmap(map, mapsize);
-       return status;
+       if (oi->typep)
+               *oi->typep = status;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+/* returns enum object_type or negative */
+int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
 {
+       struct cached_object *co;
        struct pack_entry e;
-       int status;
+       int rtype;
+
+       co = find_cached_object(sha1);
+       if (co) {
+               if (oi->typep)
+                       *(oi->typep) = co->type;
+               if (oi->sizep)
+                       *(oi->sizep) = co->size;
+               if (oi->disk_sizep)
+                       *(oi->disk_sizep) = 0;
+               oi->whence = OI_CACHED;
+               return 0;
+       }
 
        if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e)) {
                /* Most likely it's a loose object. */
-               status = sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, sizep);
-               if (status >= 0)
-                       return status;
+               if (!sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, oi)) {
+                       oi->whence = OI_LOOSE;
+                       return 0;
+               }
 
                /* Not a loose object; someone else may have just packed it. */
                reprepare_packed_git();
                if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
-                       return status;
+                       return -1;
        }
 
-       status = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, sizep);
-       if (status < 0) {
+       rtype = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi);
+       if (rtype < 0) {
                mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, sha1);
-               status = sha1_object_info(sha1, sizep);
+               return sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
+       } else if (in_delta_base_cache(e.p, e.offset)) {
+               oi->whence = OI_DBCACHED;
+       } else {
+               oi->whence = OI_PACKED;
+               oi->u.packed.offset = e.offset;
+               oi->u.packed.pack = e.p;
+               oi->u.packed.is_delta = (rtype == OBJ_REF_DELTA ||
+                                        rtype == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
        }
 
-       return status;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+       enum object_type type;
+       struct object_info oi = {NULL};
+
+       oi.typep = &type;
+       oi.sizep = sizep;
+       if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi) < 0)
+               return -1;
+       return type;
 }
 
 static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -1993,41 +2597,6 @@ static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1,
        return data;
 }
 
-/*
- * This is meant to hold a *small* number of objects that you would
- * want read_sha1_file() to be able to return, but yet you do not want
- * to write them into the object store (e.g. a browse-only
- * application).
- */
-static struct cached_object {
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
-       enum object_type type;
-       void *buf;
-       unsigned long size;
-} *cached_objects;
-static int cached_object_nr, cached_object_alloc;
-
-static struct cached_object empty_tree = {
-       EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN,
-       OBJ_TREE,
-       "",
-       0
-};
-
-static struct cached_object *find_cached_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-       int i;
-       struct cached_object *co = cached_objects;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < cached_object_nr; i++, co++) {
-               if (!hashcmp(co->sha1, sha1))
-                       return co;
-       }
-       if (!hashcmp(sha1, empty_tree.sha1))
-               return &empty_tree;
-       return NULL;
-}
-
 int pretend_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type type,
                      unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -2078,27 +2647,46 @@ static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
        return read_packed_sha1(sha1, type, size);
 }
 
-void *read_sha1_file_repl(const unsigned char *sha1,
-                         enum object_type *type,
-                         unsigned long *size,
-                         const unsigned char **replacement)
+/*
+ * This function dies on corrupt objects; the callers who want to
+ * deal with them should arrange to call read_object() and give error
+ * messages themselves.
+ */
+void *read_sha1_file_extended(const unsigned char *sha1,
+                             enum object_type *type,
+                             unsigned long *size,
+                             unsigned flag)
 {
-       const unsigned char *repl = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
-       void *data = read_object(repl, type, size);
+       void *data;
+       char *path;
+       const struct packed_git *p;
+       const unsigned char *repl = (flag & READ_SHA1_FILE_REPLACE)
+               ? lookup_replace_object(sha1) : sha1;
+
+       errno = 0;
+       data = read_object(repl, type, size);
+       if (data)
+               return data;
+
+       if (errno && errno != ENOENT)
+               die_errno("failed to read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
        /* die if we replaced an object with one that does not exist */
-       if (!data && repl != sha1)
+       if (repl != sha1)
                die("replacement %s not found for %s",
                    sha1_to_hex(repl), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-       /* legacy behavior is to die on corrupted objects */
-       if (!data && (has_loose_object(repl) || has_packed_and_bad(repl)))
-               die("object %s is corrupted", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+       if (has_loose_object(repl)) {
+               path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+               die("loose object %s (stored in %s) is corrupt",
+                   sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
+       }
 
-       if (replacement)
-               *replacement = repl;
+       if ((p = has_packed_and_bad(repl)) != NULL)
+               die("packed object %s (stored in %s) is corrupt",
+                   sha1_to_hex(repl), p->pack_name);
 
-       return data;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
 void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -2200,13 +2788,13 @@ int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
        unlink_or_warn(tmpfile);
        if (ret) {
                if (ret != EEXIST) {
-                       return error("unable to write sha1 filename %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(ret));
+                       return error("unable to write sha1 filename %s: %s", filename, strerror(ret));
                }
                /* FIXME!!! Collision check here ? */
        }
 
 out:
-       if (set_shared_perm(filename, (S_IFREG|0444)))
+       if (adjust_shared_perm(filename))
                return error("unable to set permission to '%s'", filename);
        return 0;
 }
@@ -2262,7 +2850,7 @@ static int create_tmpfile(char *buffer, size_t bufsiz, const char *filename)
        }
        memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
        strcpy(buffer + dirlen, "tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
-       fd = mkstemp(buffer);
+       fd = git_mkstemp_mode(buffer, 0444);
        if (fd < 0 && dirlen && errno == ENOENT) {
                /* Make sure the directory exists */
                memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
@@ -2272,79 +2860,82 @@ static int create_tmpfile(char *buffer, size_t bufsiz, const char *filename)
 
                /* Try again */
                strcpy(buffer + dirlen - 1, "/tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
-               fd = mkstemp(buffer);
+               fd = git_mkstemp_mode(buffer, 0444);
        }
        return fd;
 }
 
 static int write_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1, char *hdr, int hdrlen,
-                             void *buf, unsigned long len, time_t mtime)
+                             const void *buf, unsigned long len, time_t mtime)
 {
        int fd, ret;
-       size_t size;
-       unsigned char *compressed;
-       z_stream stream;
+       unsigned char compressed[4096];
+       git_zstream stream;
+       git_SHA_CTX c;
+       unsigned char parano_sha1[20];
        char *filename;
-       static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+       static char tmp_file[PATH_MAX];
 
        filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
-       fd = create_tmpfile(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), filename);
-       while (fd < 0 && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(packed_git, -1))
-               fd = create_tmpfile(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), filename);
+       fd = create_tmpfile(tmp_file, sizeof(tmp_file), filename);
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (errno == EACCES)
-                       return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s\n", get_object_directory());
+                       return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s", get_object_directory());
                else
-                       return error("unable to create temporary sha1 filename %s: %s\n", tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+                       return error("unable to create temporary file: %s", strerror(errno));
        }
 
        /* Set it up */
        memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
-       deflateInit(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
-       size = 8 + deflateBound(&stream, len+hdrlen);
-       compressed = xmalloc(size);
-
-       /* Compress it */
+       git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
        stream.next_out = compressed;
-       stream.avail_out = size;
+       stream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
+       git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 
        /* First header.. */
        stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)hdr;
        stream.avail_in = hdrlen;
-       while (deflate(&stream, 0) == Z_OK)
-               /* nothing */;
+       while (git_deflate(&stream, 0) == Z_OK)
+               ; /* nothing */
+       git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
 
        /* Then the data itself.. */
-       stream.next_in = buf;
+       stream.next_in = (void *)buf;
        stream.avail_in = len;
-       ret = deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+       do {
+               unsigned char *in0 = stream.next_in;
+               ret = git_deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+               git_SHA1_Update(&c, in0, stream.next_in - in0);
+               if (write_buffer(fd, compressed, stream.next_out - compressed) < 0)
+                       die("unable to write sha1 file");
+               stream.next_out = compressed;
+               stream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
+       } while (ret == Z_OK);
+
        if (ret != Z_STREAM_END)
                die("unable to deflate new object %s (%d)", sha1_to_hex(sha1), ret);
-
-       ret = deflateEnd(&stream);
+       ret = git_deflate_end_gently(&stream);
        if (ret != Z_OK)
                die("deflateEnd on object %s failed (%d)", sha1_to_hex(sha1), ret);
+       git_SHA1_Final(parano_sha1, &c);
+       if (hashcmp(sha1, parano_sha1) != 0)
+               die("confused by unstable object source data for %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-       size = stream.total_out;
-
-       if (write_buffer(fd, compressed, size) < 0)
-               die("unable to write sha1 file");
        close_sha1_file(fd);
-       free(compressed);
 
        if (mtime) {
                struct utimbuf utb;
                utb.actime = mtime;
                utb.modtime = mtime;
-               if (utime(tmpfile, &utb) < 0)
+               if (utime(tmp_file, &utb) < 0)
                        warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
-                               tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+                               tmp_file, strerror(errno));
        }
 
-       return move_temp_to_file(tmpfile, filename);
+       return move_temp_to_file(tmp_file, filename);
 }
 
-int write_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *returnsha1)
+int write_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *returnsha1)
 {
        unsigned char sha1[20];
        char hdr[32];
@@ -2402,13 +2993,46 @@ int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
        if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
                return 1;
-       return has_loose_object(sha1);
+       if (has_loose_object(sha1))
+               return 1;
+       reprepare_packed_git();
+       return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e);
+}
+
+static void check_tree(const void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+       struct tree_desc desc;
+       struct name_entry entry;
+
+       init_tree_desc(&desc, buf, size);
+       while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry))
+               /* do nothing
+                * tree_entry() will die() on malformed entries */
+               ;
+}
+
+static void check_commit(const void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+       struct commit c;
+       memset(&c, 0, sizeof(c));
+       if (parse_commit_buffer(&c, buf, size))
+               die("corrupt commit");
+}
+
+static void check_tag(const void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+       struct tag t;
+       memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+       if (parse_tag_buffer(&t, buf, size))
+               die("corrupt tag");
 }
 
 static int index_mem(unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, size_t size,
-                    int write_object, enum object_type type, const char *path)
+                    enum object_type type,
+                    const char *path, unsigned flags)
 {
        int ret, re_allocated = 0;
+       int write_object = flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT;
 
        if (!type)
                type = OBJ_BLOB;
@@ -2419,11 +3043,19 @@ static int index_mem(unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, size_t size,
        if ((type == OBJ_BLOB) && path) {
                struct strbuf nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
                if (convert_to_git(path, buf, size, &nbuf,
-                                  write_object ? safe_crlf : 0)) {
+                                  write_object ? safe_crlf : SAFE_CRLF_FALSE)) {
                        buf = strbuf_detach(&nbuf, &size);
                        re_allocated = 1;
                }
        }
+       if (flags & HASH_FORMAT_CHECK) {
+               if (type == OBJ_TREE)
+                       check_tree(buf, size);
+               if (type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+                       check_commit(buf, size);
+               if (type == OBJ_TAG)
+                       check_tag(buf, size);
+       }
 
        if (write_object)
                ret = write_sha1_file(buf, size, typename(type), sha1);
@@ -2434,31 +3066,85 @@ static int index_mem(unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, size_t size,
        return ret;
 }
 
-int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, int write_object,
-            enum object_type type, const char *path)
+static int index_pipe(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, enum object_type type,
+                     const char *path, unsigned flags)
 {
+       struct strbuf sbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int ret;
-       size_t size = xsize_t(st->st_size);
 
-       if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode)) {
-               struct strbuf sbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-               if (strbuf_read(&sbuf, fd, 4096) >= 0)
-                       ret = index_mem(sha1, sbuf.buf, sbuf.len, write_object,
-                                       type, path);
+       if (strbuf_read(&sbuf, fd, 4096) >= 0)
+               ret = index_mem(sha1, sbuf.buf, sbuf.len, type, path, flags);
+       else
+               ret = -1;
+       strbuf_release(&sbuf);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+#define SMALL_FILE_SIZE (32*1024)
+
+static int index_core(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, size_t size,
+                     enum object_type type, const char *path,
+                     unsigned flags)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (!size) {
+               ret = index_mem(sha1, NULL, size, type, path, flags);
+       } else if (size <= SMALL_FILE_SIZE) {
+               char *buf = xmalloc(size);
+               if (size == read_in_full(fd, buf, size))
+                       ret = index_mem(sha1, buf, size, type, path, flags);
                else
-                       ret = -1;
-               strbuf_release(&sbuf);
-       } else if (size) {
+                       ret = error("short read %s", strerror(errno));
+               free(buf);
+       } else {
                void *buf = xmmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-               ret = index_mem(sha1, buf, size, write_object, type, path);
+               ret = index_mem(sha1, buf, size, type, path, flags);
                munmap(buf, size);
-       } else
-               ret = index_mem(sha1, NULL, size, write_object, type, path);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This creates one packfile per large blob unless bulk-checkin
+ * machinery is "plugged".
+ *
+ * This also bypasses the usual "convert-to-git" dance, and that is on
+ * purpose. We could write a streaming version of the converting
+ * functions and insert that before feeding the data to fast-import
+ * (or equivalent in-core API described above). However, that is
+ * somewhat complicated, as we do not know the size of the filter
+ * result, which we need to know beforehand when writing a git object.
+ * Since the primary motivation for trying to stream from the working
+ * tree file and to avoid mmaping it in core is to deal with large
+ * binary blobs, they generally do not want to get any conversion, and
+ * callers should avoid this code path when filters are requested.
+ */
+static int index_stream(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, size_t size,
+                       enum object_type type, const char *path,
+                       unsigned flags)
+{
+       return index_bulk_checkin(sha1, fd, size, type, path, flags);
+}
+
+int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st,
+            enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags)
+{
+       int ret;
+       size_t size = xsize_t(st->st_size);
+
+       if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
+               ret = index_pipe(sha1, fd, type, path, flags);
+       else if (size <= big_file_threshold || type != OBJ_BLOB ||
+                (path && would_convert_to_git(path, NULL, 0, 0)))
+               ret = index_core(sha1, fd, size, type, path, flags);
+       else
+               ret = index_stream(sha1, fd, size, type, path, flags);
        close(fd);
        return ret;
 }
 
-int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, int write_object)
+int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, unsigned flags)
 {
        int fd;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -2469,7 +3155,7 @@ int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, int write
                if (fd < 0)
                        return error("open(\"%s\"): %s", path,
                                     strerror(errno));
-               if (index_fd(sha1, fd, st, write_object, OBJ_BLOB, path) < 0)
+               if (index_fd(sha1, fd, st, OBJ_BLOB, path, flags) < 0)
                        return error("%s: failed to insert into database",
                                     path);
                break;
@@ -2479,7 +3165,7 @@ int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, int write
                        return error("readlink(\"%s\"): %s", path,
                                     errstr);
                }
-               if (!write_object)
+               if (!(flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
                        hash_sha1_file(sb.buf, sb.len, blob_type, sha1);
                else if (write_sha1_file(sb.buf, sb.len, blob_type, sha1))
                        return error("%s: failed to insert into database",
@@ -2508,3 +3194,13 @@ int read_pack_header(int fd, struct pack_header *header)
                return PH_ERROR_PROTOCOL;
        return 0;
 }
+
+void assert_sha1_type(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type expect)
+{
+       enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+       if (type < 0)
+               die("%s is not a valid object", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+       if (type != expect)
+               die("%s is not a valid '%s' object", sha1_to_hex(sha1),
+                   typename(expect));
+}